Concept and product testing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Concept and product testing - Essay Example This step is undertaken to introduce the product idea to the customers, see their reactions for the product idea and gather suggestions to add-on. Similarly, product testing also consists of conducting a research on the product. The manufacturer produces a few product samples. This helps the customers to see the final product and judge its features and its look. Both concept testing and Product testing is very important because the failure rate of new products are very high. So concept testing is done to test the idea among the customer and product testing is done to check the feedback of the customers for the final product before commercialization. The research undertaken for testing the concept of the product turned out to be positive. 100 participants were considered for the research. These 100 participants consisted on people from the age group of 13 to 35, in which two groups were made (Students and Working Professionals). The majority of respondents liked the product idea and i ts features. They also gave few suggestions. Now, after receiving a positive response for the product idea, sample products are manufactured and even the suggested ideas are added to the final product. Research is again conducted on the product to test the final product in the market. Again same 100 respondents were considered. Almost 76 % participant considered the product among their purchase list. The participants from student group found the price to be high. So they would prefer a lower price. Otherwise, the feature and the look were well accepted. People found the display of the Kindle amazing. The eBook reader received a very good response from the people. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 5 Research Method 9 Results 11 Product Testing 12 Objectives of research 15 Research Techniques 16 Results 18 Limitations of the Study 19 Conclusion 20 References 21 Bibliography 25 Appendices 27 Appendix 1 27 Appendix 2 29 Introduction A product is regarded as any offering in exchange for a price. It can be tangible as well as in-tangible in nature. After the completion of developing the product, the marketer can plan to launch the product into the market. New product development takes time and it is also quite risky and costly. The failure rate of new products is really high in the market. This happens due to several factors. But the most common factor is lack for proper market research. The marketers should do a proper market research for his product. If they are successful then, after developing the product, another product research is also necessary. This will not only give a true picture to the market, but also save him from incurring huge losses before developing the idea or concept (Lesch & Rupert, 1994, p. 5). It is a well known fact that if well-structured concept testing or product testing method by knowledgeable researcher can really help a company to improve its ability to create successful innovative products or services. However, the re sult of concept testing is not really achieved in reality due to low quality of research. The advancement in the technology and digital media has affected all of us. Similarly, the advent of eBook readers has created a buzz in the market. The increase in popularity of reading books in electronic form has encouraged the marketer to think about product named Kindle. It’s a new idea that will help in creating a device in which one can read numerous books and other reading materials in electronic form as pdf files (Parrickrau, 2011, p. 211). The product idea called Kindle is actually an electronic book reader. It would like a book publication in electronic form. In that device people can read books, see images, etc. Uncountable numbers of books can be stored in a single device. This device

Television Essay Example for Free

Television Essay Disadvantages of television: 1. Television is a sort of time-consuming thing Instead of spending time on meaningful activities, many people tend to watch TV all day long. They waste time in watching their favorite programs on TV. This habit distracts them from their work, study, relationships and so on. 2. Television is a health hazard to people, especially to children Spending too much time on watching television can cause many diseases such as refractive error of the eyes (especially nearsightedness), obesity, heart attack, spine disease, mental disorder, etc. According to a report of Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia, which was published on Circle magazine, people who watch TV for more than 4 hour a day have a higher risk (80%) of dying from heart disease compared with those who watch less than two hours. In addition, sitting in front of TV for a long time without doing any exercise, and eating unhealthy food (snack, pizza, chip, etc) leads to obesity easily. Furthermore, radiation, X-rays, electronic beam, and other rays generated from TV have bad influence on users’ health, especially their eyes. 3. Television also broadcasts some inappropriate programs Even though many programs provide useful things for people, there are still some which have bad influence on their psychology, especially children and teenagers. More and more violent and â€Å"hot† scenes have appeared on TV. Children and teenagers, who have not completely developed awareness and psychology yet, tend to imitate characters’ behaviors on TV. So, that is not a good idea to let children and teenagers watch these things. 4. Television helps spread false advertisements Not all advertisements appearing on TV are reliable. Many companies are willing to pay a large amount of money to have their products been be popular on TV, even low-quality products. As you can see, the people in ads are always attractive: women are always very beautiful and sexy; men are always handsome and manly; and they always love a particular product which seems very good. Therefore, customers (usually housewives) will be attracted by these ads and desire to own it; they are likely to spend money on those products. disadvantage of television** The television has a lot of advantages, but like all scientific inventions, while it provides a lot of entertainment and knowledge to us it also has some disadvantages. The main disadvantage of television is that by providing indoor entertainment to people it has decreased the level of social interaction between people. It has especially adversely affected family ties, because while in earlier years when there was no television, children and parents spent more quality time together, now they are just glued in front of the television and dont give a lot of time to each other. It can also influence kids in a bad way if they watch the programs full of violence and crime, but then that can be monitored by the parents and they can see to it that they do not watch anything that influences them negatively. As I see it, the major disadvantage of television is that it has weakened family bonds. *** It can cause you to gain weight Its pretty intuitive that spending the evening parked in front of the T.V. doesnt burn a lot deal of calories. In fact, sitting quietly in front of the television set burns a paltry 68 calories per hour. Not exactly a formula for good health and fitness. Combine that with the high calorie snacks most people consume while watching that suspenseful television sit-com and you can see how watching T.V. can quickly pack on the pounds. One smart move not many people make is to exercise while they watch television. If more people parked an exercise bike in front of the T.V. instead of a recliner, the world would be a healthier place. ***It wastes time Television watchers should keep a log of the hours they choose to sit in front of the boob tube. After they experience the shock of realizing how much time theyve wasted, they could then make a list of ways to use that time more productively. Some suggestions might be: spend time with family, friends, and pets; start a part-time business; meditate or pray; play a sport; or pick up a hobby. They just might discover theres more to life than whats happening on the latest reality show. You can bet when people come to the end of their life they dont regret not having watched more T.V. 5.Watching TV has become bad habbits of human being. We require some kind of etiquate to educate the human beings for watching TV execessively without getting the advantages of the same. We have lost all our old heritage to socialise the environment. Watching TV does not involve the person participation actively. In sub-conscious mind we just go on watching the subject without involving our active mind. We are also loosing the social activities as well as outdoor activities which gives boosting effect on human mind. We should generate awareness among the people about the disadvantage of watching the TV. Although this great invention of science has played major role in human life to give more comfort as well as information human requires for his developement but in my view disadvantages has also played vital role to destroy of old age heritage which in fact scientifically proven that outdoor as social activities gives metal and physical satisfaction. As we are well our that our encestors have develope sense of visualising the events happening at far distant places. This has happend because human has practiced his body in such a that they can see adn visualise the thing before the events take place. But TV may not give this opportunity to develope the human mind. Watching TV has become habbit and some time we do not prefer to visit relatives and friends house and also do not prefer to be visited by them. We would like to generate the awareness in the human being to visulaise this drawback in order to avoid untoward incident to happen in futre and repent on this activity at later date. We must develope and generate a group who can devote the time to make people aware about the outcome of this activity. *..* It Can Cause You To Gain Weight It’s pretty intuitive that spending the evening parked in front of the T.V. doesn’t burn a lot deal of calories. In fact, sitting quietly in front of the television set burns a paltry 68 calories per hour. Not exactly a formula for good health and fitness. Combine that with the high calorie snacks most people consume while watching that suspenseful television sit-com and you can see how watching T.V. can quickly pack on the pounds. One smart move not many people make is to exercise while they watch television. If more people parked an exercise bike in front of the T.V. instead of a recliner, the world would be a healthier place. *..* It Wastes Time Television watchers should keep a log of the hours they choose to sit in front of the â€Å"boob tube†. After they experience the shock of realizing how much time they’ve wasted, they could then make a list of ways to use that time more productively. Some suggestions might be: spend time with family, friends, and pets; start a part-time business; meditate or pray; play a sport; or pick up a hobby. They just might discover there’s more to life than what’s happening on the latest reality show. You can bet when people come to the end of their life they don’t regret not having watched more T.V. *..* It Makes You Dumber To be assured of this, all you have to do is tune in to some of the popular reality shows to witness the dumbing down of America. A study conducted in 2005 and published in the Archives of Adolescent and Pediatric Medicine showed that kids who had their own television set scored lower on mathematics tests. Several other studies have supported this premise. It’s important to set a good example for the kids of today by encouraging them to read and engage in the arts rather than park themselves in front of the television set. *..* It Promotes Passivity Television allows its audiences to live vicariously through the situations and lives of fictional characters. It’s far easier for a television viewer to experience the thrill of a television character’s success than it is to go out and create success on their own terms. This is particularly detrimental to children and teenagers who need to develop a strong sense of self and a purpose in life. Television encourages passivity. There’s no doubt that television view does have its benefits if carefully selected programs are viewed. It’s a way to stay informed about what’s happening in the world. Plus, there are variety of channels that offer educational programming where you learn new skills ranging from cooking to crafts. The trick is to not let television overtake your life or the life of your family to the exclusion of other more important activities. Let television be a treat rather than a daily ritual. CHILDREN from disadvantaged families watch more television than children from higher socio-economic backgrounds, research has found. The joint study by the Australian Institute of Family Studies and the University of New England also found that a third of Australian children aged over two are spending more than the recommended two hours a day watching TV. AIFS researcher Dr Ben Edwards said while childrens television watching was low in the first year, by two to three years of age, television occupied a significant portion of a childs time, particularly for those from lower socio-economic families. At critical ages for child development, when children are under three years old, the more disadvantaged the childs background, the more likely it was that they would watch television for more than two hours, he said.By the time children were aged between four and five, the proportion of children from disadvantaged backgrounds watching more than three hours of television a day was more than double that of children from advantaged backgrounds. The research also found that children from higher socio-economic backgrounds spent more time reading. Among the most disadvantaged families, 41-47 per cent of children were not read to at all, compared with only 15-22 per cent of children in the most advantaged families. Dr Edwards said the findings could help explain the means through which social advantage is transmitted across generations because, he argues, longer TV viewing can encroach on other learning and developmental opportunities such as reading and imaginative play. Four years ago, Carmel and Jesper Nielsen, from Prahran, began restricting their childrens TV viewing to weekends only. Their children now watch about six hours of TV a week. Computer games are limited to two hours a week. Basically, we felt it was displacing that creative and imaginative play as well as physical activity and, just as importantly, when they were watching TV there was very little family interaction, Ms Nielsen said. She said while it was initially difficult to reduce their childrens TV viewing, they are now just as happy to play with their toys or play sport outside.

Leadership Of President Bush And President Obama Politics Essay

Leadership Of President Bush And President Obama Politics Essay The race for the president of the United States has for a long time remained a pitched race for the democrats and the republicans who have continued to wrestle the office amongst them. With both camps fighting for the big seat, the promise of a better America has been at the kernel of the race for the votes. After every race for the presidency, the oval office has had new occupant who has adopted specific style of presidency. Their visions, ambitions and performances have differed while others have remained the same. Taking a comparison of President Bush and president Obama, there are strong indication that their presidency differs with Obama exhibiting a paradigm shift in handling of issues which has continued to bolster his unique presidential style thus making a big contrast from his predecessor; president Bush. Leadership style The ascent of President Bush into power as the president of the United States made it clear that an autocratic leader had taken over the highest administrative office in America. Right from his acceptance speech, President Bush affirmed the fact that he had been where the buck stops, both while in business and government (Denton, 109). In his tenure as a president, President Bush exemplified his presidential style as an imperialist who believed in taking charge. Bush believed that he alone was fit to set the agenda, the tone and the framework (Burke, 108). By this token, president bush made little involvement of the American citizenry but instead trusted on his instincts and made decisions based on what he believed was right concerning any issue that he was faced with as a president. This type of leadership is a complete contrast to president Obamas way of taking charge of the federal government. Looking at president Obama way of taking charge as a president, it will be easily noted that President Obama is more of an organizer who advocates for democracy rather than imperialism. Obamas work at the office of the president has made it clear that he is a better organizer who understands the community having an immense sense of social solidarity (Nielsen, 253). Unlike his predecessor, Obama has come out as a president who has increased the peoples involvement and input in the governance process. Obama has even made it possible for the growth of responsibility and activism that has generated positive feedback from the electorate who now feel that they are part of the government. This style of leading the government departs from what Bush believed in. For president Obama, an executive leadership was not a choice let alone an option as America required someone to hold both the democrats and republican towards a collective dream of change. Deceit and sincerity President Bush tenure was allegedly fashioned in deceit and sincerity with his involvement in a number of issues in ways that were deemed as cunning and full of deceit. It is much believed that President Bush continued to weave the deceit into the American Fabric much like his predecessor like President Churchill (Lando 45). With claims that Iraq had in possession weapons of mass destruction (WMD), President Bush marshaled the congress to support the war against Iraq as well as garner support from its allies in Europe. Late on, it did emerge that Iraq had no possession of such weapons. Instead, the war was for unknown motives sponsored by the President as the UN inspectors found no such weapons in Iraq (Rosecrance and Stein, 186). On the contrast, President Obamas stay in the office as a president as so far demonstrated that he is indeed mindful of maintaining integrity rather than employing cunningness to wield the support of the American Congress. To some, the America problem is both substantial and real (Genda, IX). To tackle such problems president Obama has employed a different approach where the Americans are sensitized on the nature of problems facing them but at the same time equipping them with audacity of hope to wear down the challenges and make America be what the people want it to be. With his skills to articulate himself with a purpose and vision, Obama has managed earn the trust of the Americans (Leanne 21). Through the openness that President Obama has so far embraced since his ascend to power; it is more likely that he shall be able to create a unified America where the citizenry are bound together with purpose against a common challenge. This will surely be a significant contrast to President Bush art of keeping the electorate in the dark while making decisions which had national impact to the Americans. The fight against terror Terrorism has been one of the threats that have continued to face the Americans both in the diaspora and at home. History proves that the American has suffered in the hand terrorists. As a result, the presidents of the united have done all under their power to ensure the safety of the American. However, president Obamas approach has been different from that of president Obama in regard as to how the issue of terror is handled. President Bush is well known for his stand against terror where he seems to be in agreement with the notation that the enemy was deemed as deserving the ill and harsh treatment (Grosscup, 12). President Bush stand on the fight against terrorism made him mobilize the American war machinery to combat terrorism both at home and abroad. Bush made sure that policies were enacted which beefed up measures against the terrorists who were regarded as homicidal and cruel. President Bush went further to allow for the development and use of tools in the arrest and interrogation of terror suspects in areas such as Guantanamo bay. In this facility, President Bush advocated the use of interrogation techniques such as waterboarding where suspects are placed in simulation that they are drowning (Welch et al. 440). This detention camp was heavily criticized for human rights violations and thus when Obama came into power; he has endeavored to ease the use of such techniques in interrogation suspects. A dditionally, president Obama has announced intention to close the detention camp and use other effective approaches to fight terror. Conclusion Comparing or contrasting President Bush and President Obama is one of the most critical tasks that seem to preoccupy the Americas given that the present Obamas administration came into power through its promise of change for the good of the American people. While it may be unknown to many, President Obamas mantel was based on change; change that could liberate the American from the mistakes of the past while address the challenges at the present. Obamas decisions to organize rather that lead alone and open up rather than close himself in made has made him emerge as a leader who stands for sincerity and human rights unlike President Bush.

The Red Scare Reality :: American America History

The "Red Scare" Reality During the cold war, fear and hostility toward communism were the driving forces behind many of the social and foreign policies in the United States. How much of this fear actually was grounded in reality? During the "Red Scare" America was totally taken over by a fear of communism, or anything/anyone that had anything to do with communism. Much of this fear was really unnecessary when you put things into prospective. American's were afraid of a communist takeover, which would almost never happen in the US. America was scared of communism it's self, which was a really unjustified fear. These fears of communism ended up taking some rights away from innocent Americans, which was the main thing that the Red Scare was trying not to do, and that is a loss of rights in America. The Red Scare was mostly unjustified, and was not really grounded in reality. The biggest fear on people's minds was a communism takeover. People thought that Russia was going to cause an internal revolution within the US that would eventually end up removing the democratic government and replacing it with a dictator and communist government. This would probably never happen, so there was nothing to be afraid of. America is, and has always been a more powerful country then Russia, so the thought of Russia event attempting an attack is foolish from the beginning. America was also happy with its democratic government, and would have squashed the revolution. This is why America never had any true reason to fear a communist takeover of their country. The entire Red Scare was meant to keep communism out, and the main reason they wanted to do that is so they could remain free. What really ended up happening was the opposite. When just normal Americans were accused of being a communist their life was over, guilty or not. Even if there weren't a communist they stood a very tiny chance of ever finding a good job without leaving the country. Some people were accused of being Russian spies. Some of these people were actually spies, but some were innocent, and yet they were put in jail, or even put to death for their "crime" against America. There were other instances like this happening all the time. People always expected their neighbor of being a communist, so they started to distrust them, which didn't make anyone lose rights, just caused conflicts among normal people.

Do something that I have never done before Essay

hen I heard that the professor asked us to do something that we have never done before, I got excited at the moment. It made me feel like I got a good reason and opportunity to try something special. I took something really crazy such as skydiving or boarding into my consideration in the first. Afterward, a flash of idea came upon while I was talking about cooking with my friend; I wanted to cook lobster, a live lobster. I watched a famous TV show named â€Å"Take home chef† before, which is a show that basically teaching people how to cook. I watched one episode that was teaching people how to cook a live lobster. I dimly remember that the whole procedure to cope with live lobster was quite challenged for me. First of all, I have rarely cooked. Furthermore, I have never purposely taken any live of any creature before! After making the decision, I started to search information and some videos, which show people how to deal with live lobster, and also some recipes for cooking lobster cuisine. I chose the backed way to make my first lobster dish, which seemed easy but not as boring as the one just simply steam it. And in general, there are three ways to kill lobster. First, freeze it to death; second, boil it; the last, do bloodletting until it die. I picked the most friendly and the fastest way for the beginner, which is boiling. To get live lobster, my friend and I went to Redondo Pier. In that pier, you can get all kinds of fresh seafood that people come to their mind. I saw approximately twenty to thirty lobsters lively swinging their claws and legs in the pool; suddenly, somehow I felt a bit guilty and scary I would kill these lives in person later. Having both nervousness and excitement, we drove back home and got ready to be a lobster killer for the very first time in my life. When I took of the lobsters from the bag, they were still moving their claws and legs. â€Å"Don’t you really dare to kill me by your own hand? † I felt the lobsters were trying to deliver this warming with their staring eyes. I was afraid that I would be gripped by its claws so that I didn’t dare to cut the ties that bound its claws. I directly put them into the boiled water. The first few minutes, the lobsters were still moving. I suddenly thought of the recipe says that lobster doesn’t feel pain and will be dead in ten seconds; however, it may keep moving because of  muscle spasms. This made me feel more creepy while seeing them moving and gradually stopping in the boiled pot. After around five minutes, I pulled it from the water and submerged it into ice water to cool it. Then, here came another tough part: splitting its head from the body and then cutting the body into two pieces. I carefully follow the instruction from the recipe to cut the lobsters from the top to the base of its tails. I felt accomplishment when I successfully split them into pieces. Afterward, I spread butter, pepper and lemon juice on it; and the last step was put them into the oven. After waiting nervously for eighteen minutes, an aromatic backed lobster cuisine came out. This was my very first time to cook all by myself, and the tough thing was that I had to deal with the lobsters, which were still alive. Though the procedure was a bit hard for me as a beginner of cook, I still enjoyed this experience. Above all, I had a delicious lobster cuisine for a dinner, and got a great accomplishment for that.

Computers †A Boon or Curse Essay

In my opinion computer is a boon to the mankind. Dear friends can you imagine the world without computers. It would be like the life a 100 years back. Would you accept that life? Today we enjoy such a comfortable life, don’t we owe this to computers. Look at the way the computers have a role to play in our life. Today when we get up in the morning and want to read the newspaper, internet permits us to read the latest news of any newspaper in the world. Before going to office we can check the mails and also reply them instantly. There is no need for physical mail, paperwork and delays. In the office computers help us to connect with the various locations and discuss with them any problem at a time through videoconferencing. Earlier to deposit or withdraw money one had to go to bank and stand in a queue, but today we can do this online through wire transfer or ATM. Not only that but we can purchase anything from the shops through Credit or Debit Cards. No need to carry physical cash. Look at the railway or flight reservations. No more agonizing pain of standing in queues for hours. Today you can book any ticket of any flight in the world at the click of a button. Even hotels booking can be done online. In the field of education computers have simplified the learning process, we have CD’s of reputed faculty, additionally, internet allows browsing any book or tutoring from the experts in the field. You can even solve any query you have. In the field of medicine, computers help doctors in operations, accuracy and clear diagnosis of a disease. Computers also help in data logging, data backup and easy data transfer. Complicated mathematical and statistical  problems can be solved in few seconds. Thus there is no field untouched by computers today. Computers thus have saved our precious time, energy, space and improved the living standards and life of mankind. So Computer is a boon to mankind

Justice(crucible) essays

Justice(crucible) essays The notion of justice?evokes many emotions and opinions. Does justice work for everyone? Or, is it theoretical system that can never function in our society? Our justice system has changed dramatically from the days of the capital punishment. There is upsurge of criminal rate and consequently the prisons are virtually flooded with offenders. These problems leave us with many questions on the effectiveness of justice?and what is the true essence of justice? Justice is defined as the quality of being just or fair. In Australia we are known to have superior justice system compared to the third world countries. Our justice judicial system is one of the most sophisticated and complex systems in the world today. It was designed to be accessible to anyone regardless of age, race, gender or religious belief. We have the right to be represented and trialed objectively in a court. When a person commits a crime, he/she is taken to the court for their case to be heard. Here, the judge hands out a verdict; either guilty or not-guilty on the basis of the evidence, the judges scale of justice and on the guidelines of our Law? This is where we have drawback from perfect judicial equality. Depending on the seriousness of the crime, the offender may be sent to jail sentence. Its the best possible solution our shallow society provides, a loophole from more in-depth and thorough ways to approach the case. Justice will never be effective as long as we (the public) have our own scales of justice. Justice is a package of morality, humanity and equality. In crime cases we look at these three broad factors. When you face justice, morality and humanity must have its turn. Many implications arise when a man commits a crime. We look into the morality factor, for example; the victim might have brutally abused his son and in anguish he could have committed the crime. From this, it is unfair to hold this man fully a ...

Functional Areas of Business Essay

Functional Areas of Business Essay Functional Areas of Business Essay Functional Areas of Business Angela B. Ball MGT/521 February 25, 2014 Dr. Nancy Atkins Functional Areas of Business A business consists of four areas of functionality – marketing, production, finance, and personnel. Marketing is the method used to move a product or service from its idea to customer consumption. Production is the process of creating a good or service. Finance is the manner in which a company handles and uses money. Personnel are the people employed by a business or organization. Each of these areas of functionality requires a manager who is responsible for planning and overseeing the responsibilities set forth within the organization. Marketing Management The size of a business and industry in which the business operates, determines the autonomy of marketing management within that business. According to (BusinessDictionary.com, 2014); to effectively market a good or service, management uses a company’s resources to increase customer base, improve customer opinions of products and service, and increase the perceived value of the company. A marketing manager must first develop a plan to heighten the results obtained from the time and money invested in marketing. A marketing plan creates specific objectives and identifies a company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. It lists tactical steps to achieve marketing objectives, includes resources to accomplish objectives, and keeps all members of the sales and marketing team working together. The plan should be reviewed several times during the year and adjusted, depending on changes in the marketplace. Production Management Production management includes the planning, organizing, directing, and controlling of activities of the production function. â€Å"Production function is the conversion of raw materials into finished products† (Cite.com, 2009) and is categorized under two objectives: (1) ultimate and (2) intermediate. Ultimate objectives include the main responsibilities of manufacturing, which are; cost, product quality, and time schedule. Machinery and equipment, material, manpower and supporting services are included in intermediate objectives. As an essential part of the production process, production managers must determine manufacturing costs. The unit cost of the product should be sensibly estimated, and every effort should be made to stick to the cost criteria (Cite.com, 2009). Product managers identify where losses in quality occur and find ways to control the process and improve the product. Occasional changes to work instructions, to monitor quality indicators, may be necessary to increased production rates and improved product quality. Time scheduling is the planned timeframe given to produce a certain number of goods. Production scheduling consists of three primary goals or objectives. First, set due dates to avoid late completion of jobs. Secondly, create throughput times to minimize the amount of time a job spends in the system. The third goal includes the deployment of work centers (Reference for Business: Encyclopedia for Business, 2nd edition, 2014). Within these three goals, production management employs both ultimate and intermediate objectives to result in a finished product. Finance Management Financial management applies planning, organizing, monitoring, controlling, and directing the monetary resources of a business or organization. Financial objectives concentrate on the amount of profits and increase in profits a company incurs over a period of time. In an attempt to increase earning capacity; a financial manager estimates expected costs, profits, and other financial concerns of a company. This estimate involves short-term and long-term debt equity analysis. Finance managers also make decisions on how to manage cash transactions and obligations within the company. According to (Management Study Guide, 2013), the finance manager not only plans, procures, and utilizes the funds; but also has to exercise control

Body ownership

Body ownership Body Ownership The sense of one’s own body has been a subject of debate among researchers for many years. It is argued to be a very specific type of knowledge, illustrated as being a non-conceptual and somatic (e.g., Kant, 1781/2003; Bermu ´ dezas cited in Lango, et al., 2007). It has been argued that this type of knowledge, often referred to as ‘‘embodiment† (Arzy, Overney, Landis, Legrand, 2006), or ‘‘corporeal awareness† (Berlucchi Critchley, 1979) is compulsory, to experience various types of sensory information (Kant, 1781/2003; Johnson, 1987; Lakoff, 1987; Merleau-Ponty, 1945/1962; Piaget, 1937/1954 as cited in Lango, et al., 2007). In other words, one has to have some sort of knowledge of one’s own body in order to experience emotions and sensations. It has been argued that gaining this type of knowledge is crucial for formation of personal psychological identity (Cassam,1997; Edelman, 2004). Rubber hand illusion allows for the manipulating the brain into perceiving an external object- the rubber hand, as being a representation of the body (Tsakiris &Haggard, 2005). Self awareness has been argued to be mostly represented by the sense of the body ownership. Moseley( et al., 2008) provoked the rubber hand illusion and demonstrated one of rubber hand illusion’s effects- taking ownership of an artificial counterpart- which leads to decrease in the temperature in the real hand. They found that this phenomenon was limb-specific, in other words similar effect have not been found to occur in the not stimulated hand. They argued that this is phenomenon is demonstrating that physical self and the physiological regulation of self are closely linked in the top down manner to an individual’s body awareness. It also seems likely that if body awareness is disrupted by cognitive processes, that might lead to changes in the body temperature regulations, in the rubber hand illusion case, making it de crease. This therefore leads to conclusion that if an individual’s starts perceiving and artificial body part it will have an effect on the rest of the body (Moseley, 2008). Body ownership has been argued to be a sort of knowledge that that your body belongs to you, and is constantly there, is a basis for the aspect of self-awareness. Individuals suffering from for example schizophrenia, autism, epilepsy, neuropathic pain, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia have been found to have a disturbance in their body ownership. These disorders have also been found to have a connection to the disruption of the body temperature regulations (Moseley, 2008). Moseley (et al., 2008) has demonstrated that such disruption in the body ownership can be a consequence of a Rubber Hand Illusion. RHI consequences in participant’s perception that the touch they are experiencing is actually an effect of the stimulation given to the rubber hand. That consequence in participant’s taking an o wnership of the rubber hand. Additionally, Moseley (et al., 2008) found that there was a positive correlation between the vividness of the rubber hand illusion experience and the decrease in the skin temperature in the adequate hand. This suggests that the more an individual experiences the RHI the more will the temperature in their hand decrease.

Uses Cases Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Uses Cases - Assignment Example The withdrawal transaction begins by a customer inserting his or her Bank Card into the card slot of the ATM. Then a user validation process is performed on the basis of the card ID and the customer’s PIN. After validation, the a display screen is provided containing the available set of operations. In this scenario, the customer has directly selects â€Å"Withdraw Cash†. The ATM screen displays prompts for an account type. The selects the desired account type from the available Menu. This is immediately followed by screen for the user to input the required amount of money. All this information falls under the withdrawal use case. That is, the Bankcard ID, PIN (Personal Identification Number), account type and amount, which is then sent to the Bank as a requested transaction. The Bank then replies with a go-ahead or not reply. Upon successful approval the customer’s money is made available by the dispenser. The ATM then ejects the card and Prints a receipt. It is essential to indicate that this use case is based on the assumption that a user makes a direct and successful withdrawal. However, there are some alternative flows caused by conditions such as Wrong PIN, Invalid or Expired Card, Invalid Account type and Excess withdrawal Amount. The second diagram is a use case dependency for making an account deposit. As indicated in the use case diagram below, this is another highly technical procedure in the design of an ATM service machine. The preconditions are same as for withdrawal, which is a customer and Bank. The following is involved in the execution of an account deposit transaction. The transaction initiates by a Bank Customer inserting his or her card. This is then followed a provision of display screen by the ATM prompting a user PIN, which is integrated as the validation use case. It uses the card ID and PIN to authenticate its use. The machine displays a screen

Strategic issues in banking and insurance Essay

Strategic issues in banking and insurance - Essay Example In developed world where most of the sector is de-regulated and enjoy substantial degree of freedom and autonomy, political influences may not be there however, in developing countries, this may not be the case. Developing countries do not have very well grown financial sector and most of the institutions are either directly owned or controlled by the government themselves or governments have the substantial share in them. This allows the government to largely influence the banks especially to engage into practices which may not be in direct interest of the deposit holders of those banks. The era after 9/11 have seen a new shift into the industry in terms of influence of political forces on it. The anti-money laundering rules, terrorist funding etc were some of the key strategic issues which put extra pressures on the banks and insurance companies to devise methods and strategies which can effectively help in tackling issues like illegal money laundering, channeling of funds through SWIFT etc to the supposedly terrorist organizations etc. The current economic trends especially the crisis emerged due to the subprime mortgages is considered now as one of the great strategic challenge faced by most of the players in the financial sector industry. Subprime mortgages are considered as the threat which has largely been created by the banks themselves as they tend to violate their own prudent lending policies in order to capture the market. This has therefore provided them an opportunity to earn at the cost of incurring high cost. â€Å"Sub-Prime lending typically has been characterized as lending at relatively costly interest rates and fees to credit impaired or otherwise high risk borrowers.† (Lax, Manti and Raca). Subprime loans are among the newly popular mortgage products, such as interest-only loans, for people with strained budgets, including first-time buyers. Homeowners increasingly use them to refinance and consolidate household debts

Chiquita Brands Inc Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chiquita Brands Inc - Research Paper Example Corporate Ethics The strategy for business ethics in Chiquita Brands was begun in 1998 when the company engaged the professional services of SmithOBrien to craft and implement a CSR policy for the company. The first comprehensive CSR report was released in 2004. (SmithOBrien website). Chiquita Brands’ corporate commitment speaks of the corporate values of integrity, respect, opportunity and responsibility as the embodiment of what they are and what they do. The company defines integrity as ethical and lawful business communicated in an open and straightforward manner (Kotler and Lee, 2005). Respect is seen as fair and respectable treatment of people. They recognize that the growth and development of their employees is the key to the company’s success. They take pride in their services and make sure that these exceed customer expectations. As much as they uphold the primacy of their customers, they recognize that their accountability is to all stakeholders, including emp loyees, suppliers, shareholders, communities and the world. (Chiquita website). At Chiquita Brands, corporate social responsibility is an integral part of their global business strategy. They make it a point to live up to the requirements of SA 8000, one of the more credible and verifiable social accountability standards (developed by Social Accountability International), by regularly including the SAI assessment in their corporate responsibility reports. Their openness on issues about their social, environmental and financial performance is highlighted in these reports. (Chiquita website). As part of their pursuit of these corporate commitments, Chiquita Brands has implemented an anti-retaliation policy to encourage the reporting or raising of concerns about potential misconduct and other ethical issues. This policy is available in six key languages to make sure it is understood by employees, contractors and vendors in most Chiquita locations. (Chiquita website). CSR Issues Involvi ng Chiquita Brands Notwithstanding the implementation of a corporate responsibility policy sometime after 1998, a number of violations or infringements resembling CSR violations have been reported and documented involving Chiquita Brands. On of these was the conviction of Chiquita Brands in 2007 by a US court of illegal financial dealing with Colombian terrorists in the form of â€Å"protection money† during the period 2001-2004. $25 Million Fine The court slapped a fine of $25 Million and five-year probation, and was required to hire a permanent compliance officer. Under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, the fine would have been almost $100 Million, but the court rendered a much lesser penalty in consideration of Chiquita’s self-disclosure and full cooperation (Annual Report 2010). The situation in Colombia is atypical of businesses engaged in landed estates for their production, as in banana production. Where the country is under-developed and the econ omy is struggling, this would have been an ideal location to operate a wide-area plantation because of the low cost of agricultural work (Vellema, 1999). Protection Money Most such areas, however, are characterized by the presence of insurgents who are also members of the local community and who feed on instigating for peasant rights, as in Panama and the Philippines (Vellema, 1999). There is no way an organization

Steps in Introducing a New Product in the Market Case Study

Steps in Introducing a New Product in the Market - Case Study Example This particular case was assigned to illustrate the notion that the success of a new product in the market mainly depends on the company’s ability to uphold customer demands as well as interests. In order to carry out successful research about product development, a four-step process can be adopted. The first step is idea generation which is followed by concept screening which is related to conducting surveys about the purchasing behaviour of the targeted people. The third step is related to product development and testing and this can be done through focus groups. The fourth stage is the quantification of the volume where the company estimates the likely sales volumes of the new product being introduced into the market. The other issue why the case study was assigned is related to the fact that the success of a new product in the market depends on measures that are put to satisfy unmet demand. The other issue is that a company should not be complacent after introducing a successful brand in the market. The company ought to be innovative so as to be in a position to keep pace with the constantly changing consumer trends. This helps the organization to stay ahead of the other rival competitors who may also offer the same products in this particular market. This entails that the company that has launched a new product should continue carrying out market research so as to be able to gather information about the interests of the consumers. The major challenge of launching a new product in a competitive market is that it may be difficult for the company to project realistic sales volumes that can sustain its operations. Over and above, it can be observed that a holistic approach should be taken when a company intends to launch a new product into the market. It is imperative for the organization to carry thorough market research so as to be in a position to satisfy the interests of the customers.

Aerodynamics Which shape can accomplish the design objectives Essay

Aerodynamics Which shape can accomplish the design objectives - Essay Example However, they are not to be assumed in the current time where fuel is expensive. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (2013) define aerodynamics as the manner in which air travels around things. It indicates that through the laws of aerodynamics, researchers have been able to expound on how aircrafts fly. Physics indicates that for an airplane to be able to travel through the air, there are force constituents that make up aerodynamics. These force constituents relate in such a way that an airplane is able to fly symmetrically. When flying symmetrically, two forces are in action. They are lift and drag. Drag is defined as the part of the aerodynamic force, which is parallel to the wind in action. It is said to impede on the forward movement of the airplane. If an airplane is travelling at a speed less than that of the speed of sound through air, it experiences induced and parasite drag (Dole & Lewis, 2000). On the other hand, lift is the sum of all aerodynamic forces that are acting on an airplane, which is after they are determined perpendicu larly to the path of flight. It is the result from forces of pressure that act on the surface exposed to airflow. So, what design can save fuel? It is the paper’s aim to answer this question. Firstly, this paper will look at the arguments in support of the idea that winglets help in saving fuel. Secondly, it will examine the arguments against this idea. Thereafter, a conclusion shall be made on the fuel saving ability of winglets. Lift is required to cover for mass forces and is approximately equal to the weight of the airplane (Torenbeek & Wittenberg, 2009). The wings and tail plane generate lift successfully when drag is at most minimum. Hence, there arises a lift to drag ratio (L/D) that is used to measure their efficacy. Minimum drag (D min) is obtained by: (W) Ã · (L/D) max. With these in mind, there has been questions around the best

Chiquita Brands Inc Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chiquita Brands Inc - Research Paper Example Corporate Ethics The strategy for business ethics in Chiquita Brands was begun in 1998 when the company engaged the professional services of SmithOBrien to craft and implement a CSR policy for the company. The first comprehensive CSR report was released in 2004. (SmithOBrien website). Chiquita Brands’ corporate commitment speaks of the corporate values of integrity, respect, opportunity and responsibility as the embodiment of what they are and what they do. The company defines integrity as ethical and lawful business communicated in an open and straightforward manner (Kotler and Lee, 2005). Respect is seen as fair and respectable treatment of people. They recognize that the growth and development of their employees is the key to the company’s success. They take pride in their services and make sure that these exceed customer expectations. As much as they uphold the primacy of their customers, they recognize that their accountability is to all stakeholders, including emp loyees, suppliers, shareholders, communities and the world. (Chiquita website). At Chiquita Brands, corporate social responsibility is an integral part of their global business strategy. They make it a point to live up to the requirements of SA 8000, one of the more credible and verifiable social accountability standards (developed by Social Accountability International), by regularly including the SAI assessment in their corporate responsibility reports. Their openness on issues about their social, environmental and financial performance is highlighted in these reports. (Chiquita website). As part of their pursuit of these corporate commitments, Chiquita Brands has implemented an anti-retaliation policy to encourage the reporting or raising of concerns about potential misconduct and other ethical issues. This policy is available in six key languages to make sure it is understood by employees, contractors and vendors in most Chiquita locations. (Chiquita website). CSR Issues Involvi ng Chiquita Brands Notwithstanding the implementation of a corporate responsibility policy sometime after 1998, a number of violations or infringements resembling CSR violations have been reported and documented involving Chiquita Brands. On of these was the conviction of Chiquita Brands in 2007 by a US court of illegal financial dealing with Colombian terrorists in the form of â€Å"protection money† during the period 2001-2004. $25 Million Fine The court slapped a fine of $25 Million and five-year probation, and was required to hire a permanent compliance officer. Under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, the fine would have been almost $100 Million, but the court rendered a much lesser penalty in consideration of Chiquita’s self-disclosure and full cooperation (Annual Report 2010). The situation in Colombia is atypical of businesses engaged in landed estates for their production, as in banana production. Where the country is under-developed and the econ omy is struggling, this would have been an ideal location to operate a wide-area plantation because of the low cost of agricultural work (Vellema, 1999). Protection Money Most such areas, however, are characterized by the presence of insurgents who are also members of the local community and who feed on instigating for peasant rights, as in Panama and the Philippines (Vellema, 1999). There is no way an organization

Aerodynamics Which shape can accomplish the design objectives Essay

Aerodynamics Which shape can accomplish the design objectives - Essay Example However, they are not to be assumed in the current time where fuel is expensive. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (2013) define aerodynamics as the manner in which air travels around things. It indicates that through the laws of aerodynamics, researchers have been able to expound on how aircrafts fly. Physics indicates that for an airplane to be able to travel through the air, there are force constituents that make up aerodynamics. These force constituents relate in such a way that an airplane is able to fly symmetrically. When flying symmetrically, two forces are in action. They are lift and drag. Drag is defined as the part of the aerodynamic force, which is parallel to the wind in action. It is said to impede on the forward movement of the airplane. If an airplane is travelling at a speed less than that of the speed of sound through air, it experiences induced and parasite drag (Dole & Lewis, 2000). On the other hand, lift is the sum of all aerodynamic forces that are acting on an airplane, which is after they are determined perpendicu larly to the path of flight. It is the result from forces of pressure that act on the surface exposed to airflow. So, what design can save fuel? It is the paper’s aim to answer this question. Firstly, this paper will look at the arguments in support of the idea that winglets help in saving fuel. Secondly, it will examine the arguments against this idea. Thereafter, a conclusion shall be made on the fuel saving ability of winglets. Lift is required to cover for mass forces and is approximately equal to the weight of the airplane (Torenbeek & Wittenberg, 2009). The wings and tail plane generate lift successfully when drag is at most minimum. Hence, there arises a lift to drag ratio (L/D) that is used to measure their efficacy. Minimum drag (D min) is obtained by: (W) Ã · (L/D) max. With these in mind, there has been questions around the best

The Rise of Cloud Computing in Telecommunication Industry Essay Example for Free

The Rise of Cloud Computing in Telecommunication Industry Essay Introduction â€Å"There was a time when every household, town, farm or village had its own water well. Today, shared public utilities give us access to clean water by simply turning on the tap; cloud computing works in a similar fashion.† That was the analogy used by Vivek Kundra, Federal Chief Information Officer (CIO) of the United States Government to depict the use of cloud computing in today’s society. As the corporate world has embarked on the interactive platform of Web 2. 0, some companies are progressing one step ahead to experiment data communication with cloud computing. What is cloud computing? According to Mache Creeger in the article â€Å"Cloud Computing: An Overview†, cloud computing refers a model of shift in the delivery of architecture of information services and data for economic reasons (Creeger, 2009). In this paper, I will present a brief overview of how cloud computing operate, the role of cloud computing in telecommunication industry, the advantages and challenges involved in its implementation. How does cloud computing work? â€Å"Cloud† technically refers to the data center hardware and software used in providing a pay-as-you-go data service to the public. The term â€Å"private cloud†, on the other hand, is used by organizations to refer to their internal data centers (Armbrust, et al., 2010). Cloud computing can be divided into three types of services, namely software-as-a-service (SaaS) for WAN-enabled applications, platform-as-a-service (PaaS) for new applications, and infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) for computational and storage infrastructure (Creeger, 2009). Armbrust, et al. April 2010. [Main components of cloud computing]. Retrieved from â€Å"A View of Cloud Computing† Journal Article. Sometimes, cloud is claimed to be nothing new in data services. Chris Rose, author of the article â€Å"A Break in The Cloud? The Reality of Cloud Computing†, suggests that cloud computing is the merging of existing technologies like networking and virtualization to provide new services that charges by usage (Rose, 2011). Fundamentally, the point of storing data in the cloud, compared to conventional data management, is its high accessibility from a shared and centralized hosts and low cost for the same reason. Not only that, it enables opportunities for enhanced collaboration on a shared common platform (Creeger, 2009). What does cloud computing mean to telecommunication business? Google, Amazon and Salesforce.com were among the earliest companies to set their footsteps in by building data architectures using cloud technology to support their applications. Following that was an increasing number of telecommunication companies around the globe such as KDDI, China Mobile, SingTel that were grabbing their pieces of the pie by joining the pioneers in delivering data services using cloud (Tobolski, Greenway, Tucker, 2011). For these companies, they foresaw cloud services as a lucrative loophole from traditional telecommunication. An article by Accenture entitled â€Å"Six Questions Every Telecommunications Senior Executive Should Ask about Cloud Computing† reports that â€Å"worldwide cloud services revenue was projected to surpass $56.3 billion in 2009, a 21.3 percent increase from 2008 revenue of $46.4 billion, according to Gartner, Inc. The market is expected to reach $150.1 billion in 2013.à ¢â‚¬  (Tobolski, Greenway, Tucker, 2011). Those figures are huge enough to boost revenues for the telecommunication players. Additionally, Tobolski and other authors points out in the same article that cloud computing allows companies to save cost by bypassing most expenses in installing and maintaining their own local data centers (Tobolski, Greenway, Tucker, 2011). These are among of the reasons more telecom companies are investing in the development of cloud technology. However, there are other reasons that make cloud computing an ideal option. For instance, the common application platform used in cloud allows sharing with third parties, hence allowing telecommunication companies to deploy services that either extend their services to or operate independently in cooperating with third parties (Creeger, 2009). They would enjoy a lot more flexibility and less rigidity in their operations with the advantages offered by cloud. Another article, â€Å"Privacy, Security and Trust in Cloud Computing, The Perspective of the Telecommunication Industry† also highlights that telecommunication industry is at a unique position to integrate and promote new cloud-based services by making use of its existing relationships with customers (Martucci, Zuccato, Smeets, Habib, Johansson, Shahmehri, 2012). Such effort would encourage more participation in cloud computing that helps it to grow immensely and gain trusts from more customers. Furthermore, their expertise in building and managing complex networks is another plus point to adopt cloud computing in meeting some industrial needs that traditional data technology was unable to provide (Tobolski, Greenway, Tucker, 2011). In another word, cloud computing can make up to what was previously lacking in the industry. From a technical stand, Internet Protocol (IP) infrastructure owned by telcos also lends itself well to cloud services compared to enterprise infrastructure (Gubbins, 2009). All these instances have proven that cloud computing is a good fit for the telecommunication industry in increasing revenues and efficiency as well as lowering operational costs. Advantages of Cloud Computing i. Economic Advantage/ Cost efficiency As mentioned previously, the application of cloud computing in managing data saves cost for telecommunication companies. How and how much do they save? According to Mache Creeger again, sharing resources and purchasing power of very large-scale multitenant data centers in using cloud can result in an obvious cost cut, from paying as much as $3.75 per month for a gigabyte of managed storage reduced to as low as only 10 to 15 cents per month with cloud storage (Creeger, 2009). For companies that are constantly allocating a huge chunk of expense on keeping their data, cloud computing seems exactly like the great solution to saving on that. This difference in price essentially owes it to the lower physical space of only about 1,000 square feet required in a cloud data center that uses virtualization, instead of 35,000 square feet for a conventional data center. Yet compared to server utilization of between 2 and 3 percent on a usual data center, the one in cloud with virtualization can g o up to 80 percent (Creeger, 2009). Another economic benefit for using cloud is in giving small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) the affordability to invest in a disaster recovery cost. Again using virtualization, disaster recovery mechanism is more cost-effective by requiring 1.05 times the cost of the infrastructure itself, instead of double of that cost if using typical disaster recovery (Creeger 3). Therefore, not only companies get to save on paying for the storage, they even get to pay a lower price to keep their data safe just because it’s a better technology. Additionally, there are other expenses involved in the operation of telecommunication data business that can be significantly reduced. Using the concept of economies of scale, operating on large-scaled cloud data centers at low-cost locations can produce a factor of 5 to 7 decrease in cost of electricity, network bandwidth, operations, software, and hardware (Armbust et al. 3). Armbrust, et al. April 2010. [Main components of cloud computing]. Retrieved from â€Å"A View of Cloud Computing† Journal Article. ii. Flexibility and Shift in Control Besides saving costs, shifting to cloud-based data services results in a certain level of flexibility and technical advantages to the companies. In contrast with traditional data services, cloud capable of being turned on and off as needed and easily expandable by attaching more servers (Joe Tobolski et al. 4). Hence, cloud is more customizable with better control to cater to the needs of different companies. Moreover, Creeger mentions in his article that the increased automation used in cloud computing is another advantage by eliminating the need for on-call system administrators (Creeger, 2009). This means the operation of data service under cloud computing are programmed well in advance without relying on manpower. The shift to a new technology that it is so flexible and cost-effective is almost similar to the technology shift from analog to digital signals. Therefore, it is not surprising if most of the telecommunication and data management companies decide to adopt cloud computi ng in the near future. Risks and Challenges In spite of all the benefits that cloud computing bring to the telecommunication and data industry, it is not without risks in its application. In fact, there is a list of challenges posed by cloud computing that different parties are debating and companies are seeking for solutions. In dealing with data, especially sensitive and confidential ones, security and control have always been one of the major concerns. According to the article â€Å"Privacy, Security and Trust in Cloud Computing, The Perspective of the Telecommunication Industry†, In cloud computing services, telecommunication providers in have to share customers’ data with cloud computing providers in providing cloud computing services so the challenge is in ensuring they do not lose control over the customers’ data and identity (Martucci, Zuccato, Smeets, Habib, Johansson, Shahmehri, 2012). However, Creeger provides a different stand in addressing this challenge in his article. According to him, trusting information assets to a recognized and established cloud service provider could increase the security of customers’ data. Also, many data centers would continuously research and develop better ways to secure their infrastructure and data processed (Creeger, 2009). While no major data breaches cases involving cloud were heard of up to this point, telecom companies simply cannot afford the risking their customers’ data before assured that cloud computing services are at least as safe and stable as the traditional data services. Standardization is another challenge faced by companies in delivering cloud services. There is currently a lack of standardized interfaces for cloud computing and telecommunication services to integrate and it seems that the developers are only interested in making the components cross-compatible between different platforms (Martucci, Zuccato, Smeets, Habib, Johansson, Shahmehri, 2012). It may sound like a temporary solution and as the technologies mature, they will decide if standardized interfaces are necessary after all. This is just part of the lack of measurement standards that make evaluating the performance of cloud-provided services less possible at this moment. Besides security and standards, transparency of the cloud market could be a challenge if telecom companies are smart enough in maintaining good relationships with customers. Cloud computing services would be portrayed as the same as any Internet services and hence when the services go down, people would blog, post and tweet about it and share with people around the world. For example, a service outage that cut 14 percent of Google users from services in 2009 caused an outrage on social media channels (Tobolski, Greenway, Tucker, 2011). Consequently, this would negatively affect the reputation of the service providers. Therefore, aside being its part in avoiding service failures, telecom companies have to take part in social media and respond to customers’ feedbacks and complaints. These risks and challenges are not impossible to overcome but require time and collaborations between cloud providers and telecom computing to produce more promising security and standard. Conclusion Even with a relatively new emergence, cloud computing has a sophisticated and established infrastructure, ready to provide data services for the next generation of service providers. Cloud computing is a technology created to stay in the industry and continue to grow as telecommunication and other corporate companies jump on the bandwagon to benefits from it. While the advantages of implementing cloud computing seem appealing in terms of cost and technical flexibility, companies should always consider its drawbacks and understand the risks before proceeding with the adoption of this technology. With cloud computing becoming part of the telecommunication industry, it brings a new hope to the companies in generating more revenues and overcoming the weaknesses of traditional data services. Hence, it would also improve the quality of service in delivering and managing customers’ data Bibliography Armbrust, M., Fox, A., Griffith, R., Joseph, A. D., Katz, R., Konwinski, A., et al. (2010, April). A view of cloud computing. Communications of the ACM, 53(4), pp. 50-58. Creeger, M. (2009, June). Cloud Computing: An Overview. Queue Distributed Computing, 7(5). Gubbins, E. (2009, May). How Telcos Could Conquer The Cloud. Telephony, 250(5), pp. 34-35. Martucci, L. A., Zuccato, A., Smeets, B., Habib, S. M., Johansson, T., Shahmehri, N. (2012). Privacy, Security and Trust in Cloud Computing: The Perspective of the Telecommunication Industry . Ubiquitous IntelligenceComputing and 9th International Conference on AutonomicTrusted Computing (UIC/ATC), (pp. 627 632 ). Sweden. Rose, C. (2011). A Break In The Cloud? The Reality of Cloud Computing. International Journal of Management Information Systems, 15(4), 59-63. Tobolski, J., Greenway, A., Tucker, W. (2011, February 15). Six Questions Every Telecommunications Senior Executive Should Ask About Cloud Computing. USA.

Prevalence of PPR in Goats

Prevalence of PPR in Goats Introduction Goats play an important role in sustainable agriculture, employment generation and enhance the traditional economy of Bangladesh. Goats husbandry is one of the most important sources of incomes for rural families, marginal farmers, children, landless laborers and distress women who cannot afford to rear cattle, hence, goat is called The cow of poor people in Bangladesh. They provide mainly milk, meat, hides and skins as important export item. There are about 20.75 million goats in Bangladesh (DLS, 2007). The goats had second position in terms of meat, milk and skin production representing about 38.0%, 23.0% and 28.0% respectively to the total contribution of livestock in Bangladesh (Devendra, 2007). PPR is one of the major problems for the development of goats industry in Bangladesh. PPR is a serious disease threatening the livelihood of poor farmers (Diallo et al., 2007). A Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious and infectious disease of goats caused by a morbilli virus and transmitted by direct contact (Awa et al., 2000). The disease had a course of per acute, acute or chronic with very high morbidity and mortality (Jones et al. 1997). Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute febrile viral disease of small ruminants, characterized by mucopurulent nasal and ocular discharges, necrotising and erosive stomatitis, enteritis and pneumonia (Singh et al., 2004; Ismail et al., 1995). PPR has been recognized to a highly contagious viral disease of small ruminants, particularly in goats in Bangladesh (Islam et al., 2001). The outbreaks of PPR caused 74.13% morbidity and 54.83% mortality in Black Bengal goats in Bangladesh (Islam et al., 2001; Das et al., 2007). PPR was first discovered in Ivory Cost in1942. PPR was once thought to be only an African problem, but the recent outbreaks in Middle East and Indian sub-continent causing alarming losses of animals especially goats. Outbreaks of PPR are now known to be common in India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Bhutan and Afghanistan (Banik et al., 2008). The disease is now widespread in tropical and sub-tropical countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East and western and southern Asia (Dhar et al., 2002). In Bangladesh, PPR is considered to be prevalent in goats since 1993 (Islam et al., 2001). The seroprevalence of PPR has been reported to be 36.0% in sheep, 49.17% in goats and 19.05% in cattle from Bangladesh ( Razzaque et al., 2004 ). However, the pattern of PPR disease in goats, prevalence and underlying risk factors in Chittagong district of Bangladesh has not been systematically studied before. Such information could be useful towards understanding the economic importance and epidemiology of PPR in Chittagong as well as Bangladesh. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of PPR in goats and to identify risk factors and quantify their degree of association with PPR in goats population kept under different management practices. Such knowledge is essential in planning control strategies against PPR disease. Materials and Methods The study was carried out during the period of 2 years (January 2012 to December 2013) at Teaching Veterinary Hospital (TVH) in Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Chittagong district of Bangladesh. A total of 5485 goats were admitted during the period of 2 years with individual case registration number having address of owners, patient identification data, owners complain, anamnesis, clinical examination, system affected, and different diagnostic test, diagnosis treatments, follow up, advice and prognosis recorded in this clinical investigation records. Diagnosis of each clinical case was based on clinical history taking from the owner, physical examination, clinical signs and symptoms. The clinical examination of affected goats revealed high fever (106-107Â °F), oculo-nasal discharge, stomatitis, profuse diarrhea along with dehydration and feces adhere to hind quarter. Inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation methods were used to examine the aff ected goats (Lefevre and Diallo, 1990). Age was categorized as kids (12 month). The year was divided into three seasons as summer (March to June), rainy (July to October) and winter (November to February) according to the climatic of Bangladesh. Breeds of goats were based on their phenotypic characters as Black Bangle goats, Jamunapari goats and others crossbreed goats. Results The total 5485 goat populations registered at Teaching Veterinary Hospital (TVH) in CVASU during the period of 2 years (2012-2013), among of them 493 goats were found to be clinically affected with PPR. Thus the overall prevalence of PPR in goats was found to be (493/5485) 8.99%. The prevalence of PPR was higher in the year of 2013 (271/2707) 10.01% than the year of 2012 (222/2778) 7.99%. In case of monthly observations, highest prevalence was recorded in the month of August (77/560) 13.75% followed by October (70/608) 11.51%, February (39/355) 10.98%, September (66/624) 10.58%, November (52/492) 10.57%, July (44/482)9.12%, April (37/450) 8.22%, June (29/630)8.05%, lower prevalence recoded in the month of December (23/370) 6.21%, January (22/432)5.09%, March (18/361)4.99% and lowest prevalence recorded in the month of May (16/391) 4.09% (Table-1). The age of goats were categorized as kids (13 month. Among of these age groups, the highest prevalence of PPR in goats was recorded in the young goats 11.72% in compare to kids 6.19% and adult goats 7.52%. The study revealed that the prevalence of PPR was higher in male goats 9.07% than female goats 8.93%. Breed was categorized as Black Bangle goats, Jamunapai goats and others cross breed goats bases on their phenotypic characters. Among of these breed groups highest prevalence was recorded in Black Bangle goats 10.11% in compare to Jamunapari 7.44% and others cross breed goats 7.79%. Season was divided as summer (March to June), rainy (July to October) and winter (November to February) based on climatic condition of Bangladesh. The highest PPR in goats were recorded in rainy season 11.30% followed by winter season 8.25% and summer season 6.40% (Table-2). Discussion The reported prevalence of PPR in goats at present study was 8.99%. In contrary with the results higher prevalence reported by Islam et al. (2012), Sarker and Islam (2011), Rahman et al. (2011), Al-Dubaib (2009), Swai et al. (2009), Mehmood et al. (2009), Ozkul et al. (2002) and Singh et al. (2004) who reported 50.27% in Patuakhali (Bangladesh), 20.57% in Rajshahi (Bangladesh), 55% in Black Bangle goat(BAU), 55.1% seroprevalence in Saudi Arabia, 49.5% seroprevalence in Tanzania, 15.36 % seroprevalence in Pakistan, 20% in Turkey and 32.4% in India. This variation might be due to different geographical location, research period, and different management practices. The prevalence of PPR in goats with age categorized as kid, young and adults were found to be 6.19% 11.72% and 7.52% respectively with the significant p value (P=0.000). Thus the reported prevalence of PPR was higher in young goats over the adults and kids agreed with the findings of Islam et al. (2012), Sarker and Islam (2011), Rahman et al. (2011), Radostits et al. (2000) and Singh et al. (2004) also reported that the disease is widely prevalent in the young goats less than one year of age. In contrast with the results of present study Singh et al. (2004), Abubakar et al. (2009) who reported that prevalence of PPR was higher at the age of old goats (>12 month). The kids are less susceptible to the disease of PPR might be due to they have maternal derived antibody persist their body before the age of weaning period. The results of the present study showed that the higher prevalence of PPR was recorded in male goats 9.07% than in female goats 8.93% but p value was not significant (P=0.862). Thus the male goats are more susceptible to PPR than female goats similarities with the results of Sarker and Islam (2011) and Rahman et al. (2004) who also reported male more prone to PPR than female. The breeds of the goats divided as Black Bangle, Jamunapari and others cross breed goats. In the present study, the highest prevalence of PPR was recorded in Black Bangle goats 10.11% in compare to Jamunapai goats 7.44% and other cross breed goats with significant p value (P=0.005). So that the Black Bangle goats were more susceptible to PPR than Jamunapari and other cross breed goats similar with the findings of Islam et al. (2012), Sarker and Islam (2011) and Mondal et al. (1995) who observed that Black Bangle goats were more susceptible to the PPR in compare to other breed. Prevalence of PPR in goats due to seasonal variation revealed that highest prevalence was found in rainy season 11.30% in compared to summer season 6.40% and winter season 8.25% with significant p value (p=0.000). Thus the present study showed that the prevalence of PPR was higher in rainy season than summer and winter season disagree with the results of Sarker and Islam (2011) who observed higher prevalence in winter season. This variation might be due to different geographical region and study period. The highest prevalence of PPR at present study was observed in the month of August 13.75% and October 11.51% in contrast with the findings of Sarker and Islam (2011); Abubakar et al. (2009) who recoded highest prevalence in the month of December (31.68%) and January (30.34%); 32.57% in March and 19.43% in April respectively. Results revealed that the lowest prevalence of PPR was observed in the month of May 4.09% in contrary with this result Abubakar et al. (2009); Sarker and Islam (2011) who reported lowest prevalence in the month of June 1.71% and 9.52% respectively.

Abortion Essay -- essays research papers

Abortion is one of the most controversial issues in America today. Abortion is the ending of pregnancy before birth. There are approximately 1.5 million abortions every year in this country. Abortion was made legal in the 1970s. However, pro-life activists argue that it is murder. Should the government have the legal power to take away a woman\'s right to make decisions regarding her own body? An abortion results in the death of an embryo or a fetus. Abortion destroys the lives of helpless, innocent children. In many countries abortion is illegal. By aborting these unborn infants, humans are hurting themselves; they are not allowing themselves to meet these new identities and unique personalities. Abortion is very simply wrong. Everyone is raised knowing the difference between right and wrong. Murder is wrong, so why is not abortion? People argue that it is not murder if the child is unborn. Abortion is murder since the fetus being destroyed is living, growing and moving. Why is it that if an infant is destroyed months before the birth, there is no problem, but if killed a month after birth, this is inhumane murder? Everyday, innocent, harmless fetuses that could soon be laughing children are being cruelly destroyed. One form of abortion is to cut the fetus into pieces with serrated forceps before being removed, piece-by-piece from the uterus by suction with a vacuum aspirator. Another form consists of bringing the fetus feet first into the birth canal, puncturing its skull with a sharp instrument and sucking out the brain tissue. The remains of the fetus or embryo, as the case may be, are put into plastic buckets and then sent to a dumpster where these precious bones and limbs are disposed. However, how and when an abortion takes place are of little significance to pro- abortionists and other defenders of abortion. Even former abortion practitioners have a new view on abortion. These changes of heart were caused by psychological, religious and scientific reasons. One doctor, Dr. Bernard Nathanson, performed 60,000 abortions and supervised 10,000. Scientific evidence and the use of an ultrasound convinced him he was promoting and participating what he now calls â€Å"the most atrocious holocaust in the history of the United States.† Other doctors refuse to perform legal abortions, saying they should save lives rather than destroy them. Abortion becomes particu... ... life movement will win, because when you hold up a picture of a six month old fetus being stabbed in the neck and all you say is ’choice, choice, choice’ you are going to loose.† In conclusion, a women’s right to choose can justify abortion, but it should be banned because it\'s immoral and life begins at conception. Women have been given the right to have an abortion under the United States Constitution, but this right is still being protested by the people that fight for the unborn\'s rights. It is immoral because it is simply defined as murder. Life begins at conception not at birth. Before a child is born it is given all its supplies to survive. Before birth the child’s heart beats, all its necessary organs have been made present, and gastric juices flow in the stomach. This is a child that dreams, feels pain, and thinks. Some women may look at having an abortion to solve personal conflicts, but in all, women that chose abortion are abandoning their strengths of creation, compassion, and ability to be a mother. After evaluating each side, especially that of the pro-choice movement, and debating each side, I feel pro-life is the movement I st ick with in most circumstances.

Prohibition - The Noble Experiment :: American America History

Prohibition - 'The Noble Experiment' In 1920 congress began what was called "The Noble Experiment". This experiment began with the signing of the eighteenth amendment of the constitution into law. It was titled by society as Prohibition. Websters dictionary defines prohibition as: A prohibiting, the forbidding by law of the manufacture or sale of alcoholic liquors. Prohibition can extend to mean the foreboding of any number of substances. I define it as a social injustice to the human race as we know it. Prohibition was designed to rid the country of businesses that manufactured, sold, and or distributed alcoholic beverages. The eighteenth amendment made it a violation of the constitution to do and of the before mentioned. This was a crime punishable up to the Supreme Court. The original idea was that Americans as a whole were unhealthy, there was too much crime and corruption, and that people were being burdened by excess taxes that poorhouses and prisons were creating. What happened? The cheap alcohol being illegally produced killed more Americans, crime and corruption went up, taxes were raised to fund the law enforcement needed to enforce prohibition, and the prisons became overcrowded. Some would have you believe that crime decreased during prohibition. Well, it did. Crime decreased, as a whole, by 37.7% during prohibition. However violent crime and other serious crimes were up. Theft of property was up 13.2%, homicide was up m16.1%, and robbery was up 83.3%. Minor crimes had decreased though- by 50%. Crimes such as malicious mischief, public swearing, vagrancy, etc. (Dr. Fairburn pg 75-80) The prohibition movement did have its fair share of supporters however. The most active in the movement was the Women's Christian Temperance Union. They worked hard in campaigning towards this amendment and gathered, what is now believed today, as to be biased statistics. For example one area that the WCTU attacked was the saloons and in particular the sale of distilled spirits, hard alcohol. The WCTU claimed drinking during prohibition was down 30% as opposed to pre-prohibition. However as a percentage to total alcohol sales the consumption of distilled spirits was up from 50% (pre-prohibition) to an astonishing 89% during prohibition. "Most estimates place the potency of prohibition-era products at 150+ percent of the potency of products produced either before or after prohibition (qtd. In Henry Lee 202) Prohibition did not succeed at all. In order for prohibition to achieve what it was set to do it had to meet four specific guidelines.

Organizational Objectives and Total Compensation in Different Markets Essay

Total compensation encompasses all of the resources available to employees such as money, benefits, and services that reward the employee for their services with the company (Virginia Tech). A total compensation package covers may aspects such as extrinsic and intrinsic compensation. Extrinsic compensation is more of the monetary or legal means behind paying employees. Intrinsic compensation is the quality of life at work such as job variety or management feedback. Companies can use their compensation packages to attract certain types of employees and also retain them for an extended period of time. However, the reward of total compensation to attack and retain employees has not always been the manner in which companies treated their staff. For more years in history than not, companies would work their employees incredibly hard resulting in employees putting forth much of their life’s to work and receiving very little in return. Laws and Regulations The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA) had a significant impact in the manner in which employees are to be rewarded for their work. FLSA set a minimum wage for employees to be paid, it established an overtime premium of time and a half for hours beyond 40 in a seven day period, and it set guidelines for how much minors were able to be worked (DOL, 2015). Equal Pay act of 1963 said that employers were not allowed to segregate their wages based on employee’s gender. This act created an historic definition of equal work; requiring both sexes are to receive equal opportunity for compensation. Women have generally always been paid less than men for doing the same jobs and the Equal Pay Act has been enforced to remedy the issue. Furthermore, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 went on to make sure that no person was discriminated against for race, color, sex, national origin, or  religion. This would include areas such as the hiring process; employee reviews, working conditions, promotion opportunities (National Archives). This act was the forefront of dissimilating discrimination not only in the work place but also in all business and educational establishments whether an employee, customer, student, or teacher. Taking the HR Consultant Role There are many things to consider within each company when it comes to creating a total compensation plan. Hiring a federally contracted employee in the government technology requires a different approach than hiring cashiers at a locally owned shop. While work related laws are pertain to all working individuals not all business are required to function in the same manner. For example, all working individuals are protected from discrimination. They must also earn overtime when deemed necessary according to FLSA. However, not all employers are required to provide medical leave to their employees. Under the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, only employers with 50 or more employees within a 75 mile radius must provide this to employees (SHRM, 2010). The Davis-Bacon Act requires that federally contracted employees be paid a fair salary based on the current salary in the area. There are several varieties in total compensation available for employers to present a favorable plan to a perspective employee. These rules and regulations maintain some type of standardization from a governmental perspective. The laws and regulations mentioned about were implemented to provide a standard level fairness between employers and employees. They prevent individuals having to be put through high levels of extreme conditions from doing so without being properly rewarded for that tedious work. Without these laws and regulations companies would have complete control over their company and have the availability to to abuse their power. The establishment of such laws also created a competitive edge for companies when it comes to hiring and retaining employees. Much of today’s successful companies are top competitors because they are employee focused companies. They aim to please the employees because they are aware that if the employees are happy the customers are happy. Resources DOL. Wage and Hour Division (WHD). Retrieved April 19, 2015, from http://www.dol.gov/whd/flsa/ National Archives. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Retrieved April 19, 2015, from http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/civil-rights-act/ SHRM (2010). Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) of 1993. Retrieved April 19, 2015, from http://www.shrm.org/legalissues/federalresources/federalstatutesregulationsandguidanc/ ages/familyandmedicalleaveactof1993.aspx Virginia Tech. Total Compensation. Retrieved April 19, 2015, from http://www.hr.vt.edu/compensation/total_compensation/index.html

Health Literacy Essay

Background of the Study Poor health literacy is a stronger predictor of a person’s health than age, income, employment status, education level, and race. There is a high correlation between the ability to read and health literacy, but it is important to recognize that patients who are fully literate may be health illiterate (American Medical Association). Nowadays, knowledge is vital for maintaining and achieving optimum health. The concept of health literacy has come to the forefront in healthcare. Health literacy is defined as: â€Å"The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions† (Ratzen &Park, 2000). Half of our population has limited literacy skills, which affects health literacy. To determine the extent of this impact, the Institute of Medicine formed a committee to examine health literacy. As nurses we need to use this knowledge about health literacy to assist our patients in understanding their health and interacting with the healthcare system. Health literacy has three components (Baker DW (1999)). : First, literacy: a lack of capacity to read, write, communicate, or solve problems which affects the ability of an individual to gain necessary knowledge of health and health systems; Second, comprehension: a lack of capacity to understand how health and health care services are structured and operate to meet health and health care needs and how they can be accessed; and third, participation: a lack of capacity to follow a course of treatment or self-management that will improve health and wellbeing, or change behaviour to prevent disease processes starting or progressing. These components may not be anything new, but they do help to clarify what the purpose of any interventions to promote health literacy and prevent the consequence of its absence for individuals within a wider population, as well as for the public health and health care professionals who work with them. It may be old fashioned, but it is almost possible to recognize a primary, secondary and tertiary preventative approach could be applied to such components. The researchers were puzzled whether the patient who is illiterate has been taking the correct patient education from the nurses. The researchers decided to have such study to know the difference of the recovery and health process between the literate and illiterate patients among the Medical and Surgical Ward at Davao Medical Center. According to Parker(2003), health and health care are increasingly characterized by technological sophistication, and choice by â€Å"informed† consumers is of growing importance in the market. Patients who are better informed about their options and who understand the evidence behind certain approaches to care may have better health outcomes. Those without adequate understanding-without adequate health literacy-cannot function successfully in a market designed for active, informed consumers. They are the ones most likely to be left behind. Problems with health literacy are extremely common and costly; more than half of the individuals are experiencing problems to read and understand the information needed to function in the health care system. Being exposed to a public hospital setting, the researchers handle different patients with different levels of intellectual capacity. In most instances, patients who are illiterate make the incorrect decisions regarding health care and sometimes, it affects their recovery or health status. It becomes a huge barrier to proper health care. The researchers are going to assess the lack of information and nursing interventions the hospital has for the illiterate. The main purpose of this study is to know how the hospital setting handles patient who are illiterate. As nurses of the future, we need to gather some information about the different ways of health teachings that should be appropriate to different types of people. (1 and a half ang intro and last is the reason why you pick the study) Theoretical Framework â€Å"Nursing is the art of improving and providing culturally congruent care to people that is beneficial, will fit with, and will be useful o the client, family, or culture group healthy life ways. † (Madeleine Leinenger). Madeleine Leinenger’s Transcultural Theory of Nursing forwards the principle that caring is the true essence of nursing. Caring is also the dominant, distinctive, and unifying feature of nursing. Human caring, however, varies from one culture to another in terms of how it is expressed and the processes and patterns unique to the culture. Leininger’s theory of Cultural Care is a product of devoted consciousness of an ever changing world, wherein individual is at play with society and their environment. The core of the theory was derived from all her experiences in hospital, clinic and in the community setting. World War II became the nest wherein the theory developed; it was during this period that many immigrants and refugees from diverse cultures were moving to the United States and to other places worldwide. With direct observations and interactions with clients of diverse cultures, with variety of health conditions, she became conscious that recovery from illnesses and or maintaining health and wellbeing was greatly affected by how health care was provided to them. The major event that led to the development of her theory happened in the early 1950’s where she worked as a clinical specialist caring for mildly disturbed children of diverse cultural backgrounds. It’s a humanistic and scientific caring discipline and profession with the main focus of serving individuals, groups, communities, societies, and  institutions by carefully considering cultural care dimensions such as: worldwide view of caring, language of caring, philosophical and religious factors, kinship and social factors, cultural values, beliefs, and life ways, political and legal factors, economic factors, educational factors, and technological factors. Conceptual Framework Based on Madeleine Leinenger’s Theory, the patient needs different way of healthcare provision, proportional to his culture to attend a high level of health. The major conceptual elements of the origin and emergent theory are: human care, culture, culture care, culture care diversity, culture care universality, social and cultural structure dimensions, and world view. As and discussed in the theory, there are 9 factors to consider in administering health care and healthy teachings to the client. If these factors are considered, high level of health can be given to the patient. The independent variable is the health literacy- literacy, cooperation, and participation of the patient; and the dependent variable is the barriers in patient education. The relationship between the independent and dependent variable is that the dependent variable relies on its independent variable and they work together to achieve its ultimate goal – which is to help render optimum care that the researchers can give to their patients. DEPENDENT VARIABLE Barrier to patient education: a. Compliance to Medication b. Lifestyle changes c. Follow-up care INDEPENDENT VARIABLE Health literacy: a. Intellectual Capacity b. Comprehension c. Participation a. Age b. Gender c. Educational attainment d. Religion Figure 1: CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM.

A comparison of tabloid and broadsheet newspapers Essay Example for Free

A comparison of tabloid and broadsheet newspapers Essay ? To understand the subject of this essay, I thought it would help to briefly look at the history and background of newspapers, because I believe this gradually influences people’s decisions on buying a paper today. In earlier years, the majority of people buying newspapers were all well educated, middle – class intellectuals. As a result of this many papers actually tended to follow the broadsheet format. Most people that bought a newspaper would have full intention of reading from front to back. Most papers had between four and nine pages with a lot of columns and very small print; there were not many pictures and very little graphics. This was generally because of the lack of technology available to the publishers and their printers. As time progressed, so did the technology that went into the newspapers. With this improvement in technology this enables the publishers to focus on more specific readership. In a newspaper you can find that they can now devote sectors of the newspaper to individual interests, at the same time as having more illustrations and advertisements. We investigated how tabloids and broadsheets have appeared to combine these new ideas, but somehow still have different techniques, writing styles and format. We did this by using interviews and surveys to help us gain the results we wanted. To gain further understanding of the type of people that read tabloid and broadsheet newspapers, the pupils in our class carried out a survey. The principle was to find out if there were any links between our research and the class survey, it helped us gain more knowledge on the time that papers are read during the day and what days they are tended to be read on. When the survey was complete we collected the results to find that there was quite an even spread of readers for both the tabloid paper and the broadsheet paper. Another interesting fact was that mainly broadsheets were read on the weekend rather than the working week. I recognize that this must be because of the size and depth of the broadsheet which becomes a immediate fault of the paper has it makes it very hard for somebody going to work on the train or bus to read a large paper such as ‘The Telegraph’ in such tight compact spaces. Our class also carried interviews with their friends and family to try and find out the reason behind this predilection. In the majority of cases, the time available and the content of the newspaper were concerns. Many people believed that a broadsheet were more detailed and focused on finance and politics, whereas tabloid papers tended to be more light-hearted and entertaining. There were a lot more gossip columnists and many pages devoted to entertainment and celebrities featured in ‘The Sun’. As I expected the size of the newspapers were a big matter into deciding which paper someone would buy. According to the interviewees, broadsheets were understandably an inconvenient size if they were to be read on a coffee brake or a journey as they were just too big. Tabloid papers were popular because of the advantage of there size as they can be read at spare moments during the day and contained a television guide. Personally I tend to read newspapers at the weekend and the members of my family generally make the choice of paper, I enjoy reading a tabloid a lot more than I do a broadsheet because broadsheets cover a large quantity of business and finance and I am not interested in these subjects. I enjoy reading ‘The Sun’ as it contains a lot of sport news and celebrity news. Tabloid papers in my opinion are a lot easier to read as u don’t have to take a lot of time reading each article like you do in the broadsheet newspapers. Before we actually started to examine individual articles, we made some general assertions concerning the papers contents. We all noticed that there were a surprisingly large amount of adverts in the broadsheet newspaper, which included a completely covered double-page spread on just adverts. A â€Å"British Airways† advert, covered a page of the â€Å"Daily Telegraph† the size made it eye-catching and very effective to the reader. For further exploration we compared two articles, which at the time were concerning the situation in Saudi Arabia. The first article was featured in â€Å"The Sun†, entitled, â€Å"Saudi Aid†. The second article was found in â€Å"The Daily Telegraph† entitled, â€Å"Arab states back Bush over Iraq†. My immediate observation was the difference and contrast in headlines. The tabloid headline was much shorter than that of the broadsheet, therefore the information given was. â€Å"Saudi Aid† gave the reader a suggestion of the articles content, but did not make any kind of effort to enhance on the subject. On the other hand â€Å"The Telegraph† was more informative and had a much more detailed headline, â€Å"Arab states back Bush over Iraq†. This headline refers to a specific incident which is very straight forward it also includes one of the most well known names in the world, this is a clever way of using someone’s name involved in the issue to draw in the reader the also tone suggests controversy. â€Å"The Sun† followed its brief headline with a more detailed summary, giving us further amplification on the subject. â€Å"The Telegraph† on the other hand had a sub headline of â€Å"Way cleared for countdown to war†. Again the focus of the piece was narrowed down to ass impact on their first headline. The sub headline included and extremely emotive phrase, â€Å"Countdown to War†. This gives no definite answer to the question most people were asking themselves at the time, it just leaves the possibility that it could happen in the future if the situation deteriorates. â€Å"The Sun† also included a sub headline in its article. â€Å"Saudis to aid attack on Iraq† again this repeats the word ‘aid’ from the headline but this time expanding on the content of the article. The reporter actually uses rhyme, which increases the articles appeal, because it becomes captivating and memorable. In continuing to study the format of the article, I noticed that the front pages of both pieces were very different. â€Å"The Telegraph’s† report was split into four columns, with an enlarged quote dividing the second column. In this article there was clearly more writing, and whilst I could perceive a summary, it was not highlighted in any way, like â€Å"The Sun’s† report, which had a summary in bold type and a sub heading of ‘Weapons’ halfway through the first column, such use of a sub headline created drama and tension. The summary uses colloquial language, and emotive writing such as ‘the Saudis fear they will never be safe while Saddam rules’. With added patriotism, the summary lures the reader to read on through the article, to reach the main point of the piece. Unlike the broadsheet article, there was a picture featured in the tabloid newspaper. The picture was of Jack Straw and by adding a picture the information in the article is authentic and may entice the reader to look more closely at the piece, and maybe value the reporter’s opinion more. Another creative effect is â€Å"The Suns† use of italics. By placing a chosen phrase or paragraph in italics, the reader’s attention is drawn to the chosen area, showing that the specific phrase is important, and so the reader should pay attention to it. The general tone of † the suns† article is informal throughout the piece. The reporter remains biased and doesn’t believe that the possibility of war may be resolved. The piece in â€Å"The Telegraph† takes an objective style and presents both sides of the argument, and continually stating that there is no definite war. The miscellany in reporting styles also includes the use of more formal language with words such as ‘repercussions’. I would presume that the readers of a broadsheet newspaper are more middle-class. This is a generalisation but that the fact that there is more business, finance and culture in the broadsheet newspaper. There is one similarity between the articles it is that they both include the national security adviser â€Å"Conddeezza Rice†. Overall the broadsheet newspaper includes more concept language and is rather informal, whilst the tabloid newspaper has short headlines with a catchy theme to it, instead of a more sophisticated and simple headlines brought to us by the broadsheet newspapers. A comparison of tabloid and broadsheet newspapers. (2017, Aug 04).