Britain in the second World War Essay Example for Free

Britain in the second World War EssayBritain in the second World War the Evacuation of British Children Explain the differing chemical reactions of multitude in Britain to the policy of evacuating children during the Second World War. There were a variety of reactions towards the evacuation of children in World War 2. Everyone was affected by the evacuation alone the main reaction was that it was needed. I am going to look at different groups and what their reactions would have been towards the evacuation. Firstly I think I should look at the children themselves. Many children would have wanted the evacuation, as they would be concerned for their safety.Children would natur wholey be afraid of air bombings and the sound and sights of bombs would horrify them. If it meant they were safe Im sure they wouldnt point leaving their homes. Well I definitely think that the more mature children would definitely not mind leaving. Many children then lived in poverty, and would not grow to go on holiday this would then be like a long holiday for them. Many children enjoyed the evacuation as they experienced modernistic sights and new surroundings. An example of this is in the A Coursework Sources Booklet On the evacuation of British children in the Second World War.On page 6 source 14, a boys says, instead of having to play cricket in the garden, we went bird nesting. This suggests that the boy did not enjoy playing cricket, but was enjoy himself more when evacuated. But Im not foracquiring this is lone(prenominal) the reaction of one boy. But there were some children who would get homesick or not enjoy themselves. This can be expected when you put new-fangled children into new surroundings and they would have been scared. In the booklet, page 4, source N it quotes And hot water from a tap. And there was a lavatory upstairs. And carpets. And something called an eiderdown.And clean sheets. This was all very odd. I didnt like it. it was scary. This shows that even though this person was presently living in better conditions, they were not happy were they were and they would rather be home. I think it depended on your host. If you liked them, then you would likely enjoy yourself. If you didnt like them the volume hated it. I will now look at the reaction of the mothers. I think the majority of mothers would have felt the evacuation was correct and would have felt reassured that the Government was taking some action and getting the children to safety.The mothers would also like the evacuation because they would benefit. They could now concentrate more on work now and in the view of the economy this was an advantage of the evacuation. Knowing that their children were now safe and werent in danger of their school being bombed, they could work more efficiently and harder, therefore producing more artillery for example. If the mothers were working harder at work they would be tired at home and therefore if the children were away they wouldnt have to worry close them misbehaving, or getting into trouble, but they could now relax more.Also they would be better off financially, they may be getting better wages as they had time for over-time, and the didnt have to spend money on the children or as much food etc. But some mothers may not like it as much as others, as they may worry about their children being away from them. They may worry that their temporary parents did not treat them well or feed the well etc. Some may shade that they would be safer at home though this was obviously no the eccentric person). They may also find themselves very lonely, their husbands had gone and now their children, and there now would be less help around the houseAlso mothers are very protective of their children and they may worry that their children may get ill or hurt, and if this was the case they would feel they should be there to care for them. I now think it is appropriate to look at the reaction of the fathers. As with the mothe rs I feel the majority of fathers would welcome the evacuations, as they could respect that it was for their safety. They would welcome it as it would be very comforting knowing their children were safe, and they knew that if they felt this way they could fight with more heart, effort and boilers suit increase moral. So contributing to the war effort.

Political Stupidity Essay Example for Free

semipolitical Stupidity EssayIn E . J. Dionnes essay, Political Stupidity, U. S. direction he wants to address the political stupidity that the government is making. To start his argument, he raises an emotional question, Can a nation remain a superpower if its immanent politics are incorrigibly stupid? The author is saying are we letting politics, irrational ideas on fiscal policy and an antiquated political structure demoralise our power. He divides political stupidity into three parts stupid tax policies, irrational ideas on fiscal policy and antiquated political structure. In his essay, Political Stupidity, U.S Style, Dionne employs ethos, con nonation and an emotional appeal. In paragraph sixteen, Dionne uses ethos. He writes, Im a chronic optimist about America. E. J. Dionne is confident about the future to get meliorate but we need well intentioned rerealityans who care about the nation interest to realize some(a)thing has gone fundamentally wrong with their party a nd work to help turn it back. To get rid of political stupidity, he wants to form a senate, a new conservatism that is worthy of our name, liberals willing to speak out on the flagellum our daft politics poses to our influence in the world, and moderates.However the readers might have complete trust of the government of the United States and so they might not worry someone questioning their credibility. In paragraph number seventeen, Dionne uses connotation saying We need moderates who do more than stick their fingers in the wind to calculate the center(prenominal) point between two political poles. Dionne is hoping to make good deal aware of the political stupidity and the need to bring change in the system of politics. glutinous their fingers in the wind, means a person putting his finger in the wind is unlikely to come up with original solutions, and decisions are made without mount evidence. It says that the politicians are making blind decisions without even thinking ab out its consequences. It also makes them look like fools running the realm. However, if some people think that the politicians were fools, the United States would not have been a super power. In paragraph seven, Dionne uses a strict emotional appeal as a mean to influence his audience.He writes, The unprejudiced truth is that the wealthy in the United States- the people who have made almost all the income gains in recent years- are under taxed compared with everyone else. Consider two reports from the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. One, issued last month, highlighted findings from the Congressional Budget Office showing that, The gaps in after-tax income between the richest 1 percent of Americans and the middle and poorest fifths of the country more than tripled between 1979 and 2007. The other, from February, used Internal Revenue Service data to show that the effective federal income tax rate for the 400 taxpayers with the very highest incomes declined by nearly half in just over a decade, even as their pre-tax incomes have grown five times larger. He writes this, hoping that by victimisation the reports from the Congressional Budget Office, he would be able to prove his point that the United States is politically stupid. It seems as if he is trying to bring awareness among the people of the United States about the decisions made by politicians.Although he has demonstrated his evidence very convincingly and it seems that he would get his readers attention and they would listen to his concerns but some of his readers think that he is being blunt and through his essay he is making direct acquisitions on the politicians of the United States. The United States is falling behind and the public seems not to notice. In paragraph number fourteen, Dionne talks about the structure of our government. He talks about how the ratio between the largest and smallest state was 13 to 1. like a shot its 68 to 1.He writes, because of the abuse of the filibuster, 41 senators representing less than 11 percent of the national population can, in principle, block action back offed by 59 senators representing more than 89 percent of our population. And you wonder why its hard to get anything done in Washington? Dionne gives convincing evidence to support his claim which is the politics of the United States is stupid. He uses ethos and shows his concerns by saying he is a chronic optimist about America. He also uses reports to prove his point and persuade the audience. However he seems blunt and tells it like it is without any fear.

Native Americans and European Colonists Essay Example for Free

primeval Americans and European Colonists EssayAt the start of the seventeenth century, Native Americans greeted European settlers with very much excitement. They regarded settlers as strange, but were interested to learn about the new tools and weapons Europeans brought with them. The native people were more than accommodating to the settlers, but as time passed, Europeans took advantage of their generosity. at a time these newcomers disembarked and began to feel their office across the continent, they forever altered the course and pace of native development. Native Americans and Europeans faced many conflicts due to their vast differences in language, worship and culture. European settlers inability to understand and respect Native Americans lead to many struggles that would eventually erupt into violent warfare. many another(prenominal) natives thought the armed Europeans would be adequate to(p) to protect them from their more powerful native enemies. In many cases, E uropeans did help natives in warfare. Samuel de Champlain, a critical figure in the establishment of the New France colony, help the Montganais, Algonkaian and Hurons in their fight against the Iroquois.Champlain and his tribes used European firearms to frighten and defeat their enemies. The Iroquois were much astonished that two men should have been killed so quickly, although they were provided with shields made of cotton ribbon woven together and wood, which were proof against their arrows. In decades to come, Europeans were not be so friendly toward Native Americans, using firearms to take native lands and resources. Native Americans relied on fall in exchange system that allowed contrastive tribes to additionalize in the production of a certain goods.They would mete out their goods with other native tribes. Native Americans hoped to incorporate Europeans into this system. For a while, natives did trade skins and hides, receiving wampum, sacred blue and white shell beads, in exchange from the settlers. Exchange is meant not only the trading of material goods but also exchanges across club lines of marriage partners, resources, labor, ideas, techniques and religious practices. Natives generously shared their belongings, supplies, food, and the skills necessary for survival in the New World with the settlers.In exchange, settlers gave Natives disease, death and robbed them of their lands. Within ten years of the basic arrival of European settlers, the Natives welcome had worn out. The settlers had appeared on the scene with two objectives in mind in regards to the Native Americans obtain their land and convert them to Christianity. Europeans judged natives for their different language, their lack of clothing, and the absence of government and religion in their society. The Europeans established their own set of laws on native soil and held natives accountable to these laws.Any breach of European law by Natives residing in the area resulted in publi c humiliation, a practice unfamiliar to Native society. More complications accumulated due to their vast differences in language, religion and culture, but it was the differing views of land, that caused violent conflict. With more and more Europeans arriving in America, they needed more land to settle and grow crops. Also, at this time, the demand of tobacco was greatly increasing. The tobacco industry amounted for most of the settlers exports. To grow tobacco, settlers needed large plots of land.In the Native Americans eyes, the land was to be shared with the European. Natives had no sympathy of the selling of land to European settlers. Europeans used this to their advantage, acquiring large plots of land without fully explaining the terms of the negotiation to the natives, or properly paying them. At first, natives exchange land to Europeans, believing that this agreement would still allow them to use the land. Later, they realized that Europeans were rapidly establishing privat e uses on these lands. Colonists strongly objected to native settlements on the lands that they hoped to establish businesses on.Many more problems arose since the arrival of Europeans in America. Europeans introduced a variety of deadly diseases to North America that Native Americans had never been exposed to before. The colonists and explorers brought measles, smallpox, cholera, and yellow fever, which drastically devastating the Native American population. The collected wisdom of generations could vanish in a matter of days if sickness struck older members of the community who kept sacred traditions and taught special skills. Not only did the natives fear for their own lives, they feared for the future generations of native people.They feared that their traditions and culture would be forever lost. The relationship between Native Americans and Europeans began as a way for Europeans to learn about the lands they wished to inhabit. Natives can be given credit for teaching the fir st settlers how to survive in the new land. Due to the greed and arrogance of the European settlers, relations with natives turned sour. This struggle of co-existence would continue into the nineteenth century, resulting in the devastating mistreatment of Native Americans. 1 . James H. Marrell, The Indians New World, Major Problems in American History, (Boston Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2012), 17. 2 . Samuel de Champlain, The Works of Samuel de Champlain (Toronto, 1925), 89101. 3 . Neal Salisbury, The Indians Old World, Major Problems in American History, (Boston Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2012), 25. 4 . Collin G. Calloway, Voices from the Shore, The World Turned Upside Down, (Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 1994), 21. 5 . Marrell, The Indians New World, 18.

Movie Analysis Of Sunset Boulevard Film Studies Essay

Movie Analysis Of Sunset Boulevard Film Studies EssaySunset Boulevard, directed by Billy wilder in 1950, is considered to be the greatest read about Hollywood ever put on celluloid by Hollywood. It is a classic black comedy/drama, and perhaps the to the highest degree acclaimed, but darkest film noir story about behind the scenes Hollywood. Some people describe it as the black pearl of film noir a macabre characterization whose decadent glamour and despair are memorably haunting. The mental picture combines melodrama and film noir to give us a deliciously scathing satire on the movie making industry. This is wherefore it is still regarded as a landmark of American cinema, even though it has been more than a half century since it was produced. While this film is both entertaining and striking, it is a sad tale of deception, greed, and jealousy. It begins and ends with a dead man floating in the pool of a crumbling old antechamber. This movie not only pokes fun at old Hollywood, but also broke new ground with techniques never used before in film.From its legendary opening move shot of a man floating dead in a swimming pool, Sunset Boulevard seizes our attention and doesnt let go until its equally historied closing shot. In fact, the movie opens with a jolt the bullet-riddled body of a young man is seen floating face down in the pool conterminous to a mansion. Then the ghostly voice of Joe Gillis recounts the events leading up to his death, which are shown in flashback until ending with the final scene A completely deranged Norma Desmond locomote a staircase in front of newsreel cameras. She is once again in the spotlight, even if she is unable to comprehend why, and Max, who is positioning the cameras, is directing her for one final time. disrespect their apparent differences, Joe and Norma are two of a kind both are vain mediocrities who think they are better than what they are, and who seriously believe that they are doom for a better future, but th ey are obviously doomed.Sunset Boulevard is a movie made in Hollywood that is about making movies in Hollywood, this is why it is self referential. It critiques Hollywoods star dodge. In fact, the main female character of the film (Norma Desmond) plays a washed up actress from the silent age of Hollywood. She lives in a world of delusion where her fans still remember her, and where her old director Cecil B. DeMille will produce the wretched script that she is writing. Her eccentric behavior and her neurotic tendencies seem to greet no limits. In this main female character the movie exposes a sad picture of the dark side of the star system The star system exploits an contrivanceists skill, but when that actor or actress becomes obsolete, or lose their appeal to the public, the system would cut them free. At the end of the movie, she commits murder to protect her fantasy.This film expresses a misanthropical attitude toward Hollywood, by showing the main character of the film face down in his dream pool killed, in a roundabout guidance by the Hollywood system. The dead man, we find out, is Joe Gillis, a Hollywood script writer, and also the narrator of this tale. Then Gillis takes us on a journey of how he got there through bad creditors, a car chase, a dead monkey and a very well timed landing at the household of Norma Desmond.With that, the film can be seen as a look at the writer and the game of writing and filmmaking in Hollywood. It depicts a lack of respect for the art of writing, and the lack of humanity in the Hollywood system.From a technical standpoint, Sunset Boulevard is not a ground-breaking film, but Wilder uses the films visual elements to good effect. Normas mansion is shown in all of its crumbling, gothic glory, as well as the fishs eye shot of Joe in the pool. These are memorable moments that give the movie a superfluous characteristic that makes it different from others, without forgetting the perfect musical accompaniment. The acting is flawless, with each actor fully inhabiting the skin of his or her character. And the camera work and music are effortlessly wed to the projects other aspects. The movie represents the center stone in Billy Wilders glittering cinematic tiara.Finally, we can say that Sunset Boulevard is a icon of film noir. And no other motion picture about Hollywood comes near Billy Wilders searing, uncompromising and utterly fascinating portrait of the film community. That is why there has never been or will there ever be another movie like Sunset Boulevard in all of cinemas history.

Impact of Physical Activity in Psychiatric Care

Impact of Physical Activity in Psychiatric CareAlyna PunjwaniMentally cardsick people not only suffers from psychological distress, but they often experience significant physiologic, social, and cognitive disability (Kaur, Masaun, Bhatia, 2013, p.404). To help patients cope up with these issues, along with psychological treatment, visible natural action plays a therapeutic role. According to Moodie (2001), Physical military action refers to virtually any sustained bodily movement that expends energy (p.02). It ranges from simple tasks, wish strong activities of daily living, to complex tasks like competitive sports (Doh, 2004 as cited in Creek, 2008). Participating in Physical activity helps an individual to improve physical, psychological as well as emotional health (Mcguirk, 2012).Sedentary lifestyle among the mentally ill leaf nodes is the significant problem among all psychiatric care (Happell, Scott, Platania-Phung Nankivell, 2012). Consequently, physical activity is the sign step to reduce their dependency on others. It conveys a sense of hope, power, and control towards their lives which encourages them to actively participate in daily living activites. Therefore, when these clients move back to their community, they would not be dependent on others and would be self-sufficient to care for themselves.During my mental health clinical, I and my group members conducted a morning session for all the patients in Karwan-e-Hayat psychiatric hospital. While interacting with the patients, I felt that they are distressed, and not communicating their feelings and thoughts to the fullest. After 15 proceeding of unhealthy communication, the group members thought to start approximately physical activity. We played music and instructed everyone to participate. Most of the patients participated and it was clearly evident that they are thoroughly enjoying it. Even those patients who were not communicating initially, also joined in for the physical activity. After 10 minutes of this activity, we resumed our communication. I observed that now everyone is expressing their views and thoughts. one of the patient, who was primarily not contributing at all in the communication, shared with us the beautiful poetry in Urdu. This drastic change in the patients urged me to think about the impact of physical activity on clients wellbeing.On analyzing the case scenario, CARE framework could be integrated effectively. Engagement is lay down to be the most appropriate component of this framework, whereby the physical activity could be applied. One of the goal of this component is to offer opportunities to the client in order to move together towards a therapeutic change in the client (Mcallister Walsh, 2003). As in the case scenario, activities were demonstrated first and the clients were expected to model those acts. Hence, demonstrating, providing support, and providing a motivation that there is a possibility to enact a positive change helps s ucceed this goal.Every person with mental disorder is different from the other, but they have one thing in common i.e. low level of physical activity (Dunn Jwell 2010). Physical activity is useful as it increases cognitive function. According to Ratey and Loehr (2011), exercise causes angiogenesis in temporal lobe, frontal lobe, and parietal cortex leading to increase relationship flow towards these parts of the mental capacity which in turn results in escalation of memory, learning, and attention. As highlighted in the case scenario, the client shared an amazing poetry in Urdu which indicates that physical activity had an effect in his cognitive functioning and memory. Moreover, exercise increases the uptake of insulin-like-growth factor (IGF-1), it crosses the blood brain barrier, and increases neurogenesis in a specific part of brain called hippocampus. Hence, further enhancing the cognitive function (Trejo, Carro, Torres, 2001 as cited in Ratey Loehr, 2011). In addition, Co hen and Shamas (2009) states that during physical activity, the body releases high amount of nor-adrenaline, dopamine and serotonin which effects the part of brain dealing with arousal and attention. As highlighted in the case that all the clients were more focused, and more involved in communication after the period of physical activity.In addition, physical activity also serves as a coping mechanism. As schizophrenic patients engage themselves in different activities, it diverts their mind and distracts them from hallucinations (Richardson et al., 2005). Similarly, it can be an adaptative coping strategy for aggressive patients. For example one client verbalized that whenever he gets angry or frustrated, he goes outside and walks for about 5 minutes which gives him a sense of relaxation, and the feeling of anger diminishes eventually. Moreover, Physical activity is also useful in order to boost up self-esteem of the client. The successful shutting of particular task may lead to increase self-confidence and self-efficiency (Crone, Smith, Gough 2006). Hence, it is valuable to analyze the ability of the client to accomplish a task before involving them in activity. For example, during our exercise session, one patient was having difficulty performing the exercise due to his asthmatic condition. As we used directive approach for the exercise, everyone was doing it but the asthmatic client had to give-up and sit back in order to stabilize his condition. The client verbalized I cannot do it anymore. This would have created a doubt within him regarding his abilities and expertness to achieve that goal. Apart from that, clients were talking to each other, and learning from others by observing them. Hence, physical activity provides a platform to bring people together, to promote interaction, and to house towards community cohesion in culturally diverse group. It creates a sense of belonging among other clients thereby promoting social inclusion (Trimble, 2012) .The socio-cultural barrier I found was that the activity was through with(p) with all the male and female clients together, which was an inappropriate intervention in respect to the Pakistani culture. This was one the major hindering factor in promoting the physical activities in psychiatric setting. Hence, this practice has to be avoided in order to encourage the client to participate in these activitiesAs a nurse, it is very important to assess the patients ability to perform physical activities and recommend them accordingly. Societal, cultural and personal factors which hinders their ability to involve in activities must also be identified and addressed. Moreover, those patients who are unable to gather in activity area due to their disease process then separate activities should be planned for them to be performed in their own private space. The environment should be supportive and non-competitive to have a positive impact on clients wellbeing. 15 to 30 minutes of moderate ex ercise for at-least 4 days a week is recommended for mentally ill clients (Richardson et al., 2005). It could be further adjusted according to clients abilities. Intense physical activity at first should be avoided because it creates a sense of frustration and distress, further disrupting the patients condition. . It is necessary to reinforce the patients which gives a sense of achievement and boosts up their confidence levelAt institutional level, integrating physical activities as part of the treatment therapy would increase adherence towards these activities. Moreover, goals should be planned collaboratively with psychologist, therapist, and other medical health care workers to ensure effective approach towards health promotion. Institution should make sure that physical activities are done on continuous basis because fragmented, inadequate, and unsupported activities are of no worth (Richardson et al., 2005).At community, awareness sessions could be conducted to teach people abo ut the impacts of physical activity on clients well-being. This awareness could help mentally-ill patients in community to reduce their dependency

Implementing a Management Information System

Imple manpowerting a Management instruction corpseChapter No. 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 look for AimThe underlying purpose of this research is to get knowledge ab come out the implementing a concern entropy agreement in an organic law. Moreover, it judges the convenience of a way selective culture governing body in an organization in managing the cultivation. By implementing this management culture system, the management of information becomes easier for the managers.1.2 ScopeThis project is non a very complicated according to the concepts, only when still it is a challenging task for the mangers to implement this system in their organizations. This research is basically depends upon the general ideas and experiment to resolve problems and get to the speedy solutions for managers.1.3 Research ObjectivesAppraise critically and review the literature related to the MIS.Make systems according to the mangers requirements that help them to get the information faster and accurate. Make systems that help the managers to search the entropy keister quickly.Make the information surgical process system faster for the managers to minimize the meter.1.4 Research QuestionsWhich be the factors that ar affecting the proper working(a) of management information system within the comp both?How the management information system kitty help the managers to conduct accurate and efficient stopping points?What is the authority of management information system in the development and growth of the comp any(prenominal)?What be the recommendations to the company to get better role of management information system?1.5 office OF STUDYThe use of Management learning body in the business organizations is more common. The purpose of the research is to assess the impact of instruction execution of Management nurture dodge (MIS) to Habib money box Limited. So the study was conducted to see the MIS affects on the operation of bank after its implementation.1.6 HYPOTHESISH 0 Management Information Systems (MIS) is not an effective light beam for the organization.H1 Management Information Systems (MIS) is an effective tool for the organization.1.7 HABIB border LIMITEDHBL was the first commercial bank established in Pakistan in 1947. Over the years, HBL has grown its single out nedeucerk and become the largest private sector bank with over 1450 branches across the country and a customer base exceeding five million relationships.The judicature of Pakistan privatized HBL in 2004 through which AKFED acquired 51% of the Banks shareholding and management figure.With a presence in 25 countries, subsidiaries in Hong Kong and the UK, affiliates in Nepal, Nigeria, Kenya and Kyrgyzstan and rep offices in Iran and China, HBL is also the largest domestic multinational. The Bank is expanding its presence in principal international markets including the UK, UAE, South and Central Asia, Africa and the Far East.Key areas of operations include product oblations an d services in Retail and Consumer Banking. HBL has the biggest incarnate Banking portfolio in the country with a dynamic Investment Banking arm. SME and Agriculture lending programs and banking services are offered in urban and rural burn downters. (www.habibbankltd.com).With a customer base of 5 million and a network of more than 1,450 branches in Pakistan, HBL is the largest private bank in the country. The network means that bank is geographically closer to its customers than any other bank. This gives the insights needed to provide a variety of products that directly reflect customer needs. Bank remains resolute in the commitment to provide products that are competitive and services that are exemplary. (www.habibbankltd.com)Today, HBL plays a central role in Pakistans financial and economic development. It started its operations in Bombay in 1941 with a fixed capital of 25,000 rupees.Impressed by its primary performance, Quaid-e-Azam Mohammed Ali Jinnah (the founder of Pakis tan) asked the Bank to shift its operations to Karachi after the creation of Pakistan. HBL know itself in the Quaids city in 1943 and became a emblem of pride and growth for the people of Pakistan.1.8 counselling INFORMATION SYSTEMManagement Information System is a system that provides people with either data or information related to an organizations operations. MIS make the activities of employees, owners, customers and other key people in the organizations milieu either by efficiently processing data to attend to with the than section work load or by effectively supplying information to authorized people in a timely manner.A management information system (MIS) is the collection of system, both computing machineized and manual, that provides information about on going activities to an organizations last makers.The management information system of Habib Bank Limited has following major(ip)(ip) divisions* Transaction Processing System* Management Reporting System* closing Support System* Office Information System.1.9 TRANSACTION PROCESSION SYSTEM OF HABIB depone LIMITEDTransaction processing system supports the processing of Habib Bank Limited by automating the process of voluminous amounts of paperwork that must be handled daily. These systems include accurate transcription of daily Transactions, controlling the procedure of issuance e.g. issuance of pay cheques invoices, customer statements, payment remainders, tuition bills and employee schedules etc.1.10 Transaction Processing FunctionsThere are deuce-ace steps of processing a transaction.1.10.1 Book KeepingFirst of all accurate record of transaction is recorded e.g. written text the deposits or withdrawals of account holders. This recording of transaction is called Book Keeping involving applications of financial accounting.1.10.2 IssuanceIt refers to the production of pay cheques, invoices, periodic statements as monthly telephone bills, credit card bills and payment remainders etc.1.10.3 C ontrol ReportingReports that are produced as a by product of transaction processing operation and that also serves operation control purposes are called control reports, as pay cheques are of Habib Bank are produced in batches, like wise the payroll edit report is produced to show the pay scheme of employees.1.11 focal point REPORTING SYSTEMManagement Reporting System is an information system that provides predefined types of information to management. At Habib Bank Management Reporting System is used not only in management planning but also in managing the control system.1.12 Properties of Management Reporting System 1.12.1 SupportManagement Reporting System supports structured and semi-structured decision, primarily at the middle-and lower-management levels.1.12.2 Provision of InformationManagement Reporting System Provides fixed types of information, in an established format the formation requirements of users are normally known and stable.1.12.3 Nature of Management ReportsOfte n implemented with voluminous, hardcopy reports, requiring each user to search specifically for key information. Frequently require a formal signal to be submitted formal systems development may be required to approve the request.1.12.4 DataIt has usually consisted of internal operational data, rather than data about the extraneous environment. It concerned with data about the yesteryear than data relating to the future.1.13 DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMIt is a system that provides tools to managers to assist them in solving semi-structured and unstructured problems in their own somewhat personalized way. At Habib Bank decisions are only taken by Board of Directors otherwise usually predefined decisions are there for managers to follow.1.14 Properties of Decision Support System of Habib Bank 1.14.1 SupportDecision Support System supports semi-structured or unstructured decision-making.1.14.2 FlexibilityThe Decision Support System of Habib Bank is conciliatory enough to respond to the changing needs of decisions makers.1.14.3 Application WayDecision support system of Habib Bank is easy to use.1.14.4 FastnessDecision Support System is fast in responding with a high degree of user control and interaction.1.15 Types of Decisions Taken 1.15.1 Unstructured DecisionsThis is the decision for which information provided by computer or men is not unadulterated but is a small portion of the total knowledge required to make a decision.1.15.2 Semi-structured DecisionsThe decision made under a condition in which the information about problem to be solved is not complete is called semi-structured decision.1.16 OFFICE INFORMATION SYSTEM OF HABIB BANKThe combination of in the buffly technologies as hardware, software, facsimiles e-mails and the people availing their services makes the office information system.1.17 Components of Office Information System of Habib BankThere are 3 major components of Office Information System, Document Management System, Message discussion Syst em, and Office Support System.1.18 Document Management System of Habib BankDocument Management System of Habib Bank is part manual and partly computerized.1.19.1 Reprographic SystemIn each branch of Habib Bank Reprographic machines are there for making copies of required documents.1.19.2 Word Processing SystemAt Habib Bank the office system technology which is used is word processing involving hard ware and soft ware tools which allows computer system to operate.1.20 Message Handling System of Habib BankIt is one of major applications of Office Information System. At Habib Bank the message handling system is of following.1.20.1 Facsimiles fax machines are there to discover and send faxes in other branches of Habib Bank.1.20.2 Electronic MailElectronic mail is used to receive and send messages to other branches.1.21 Office Support System some(prenominal) applications collectively help in working of groups, which are known as Office Support System.1.22 Office Support System of Habib Bank 1.22.1 Group go throughHabib Bank provides group ware in following ways.1. Word processing services.2. Using fax mails.3. Availability to on- line Data.1.23 WORKING OF MIS IN DIFFERENT partS OF HABIB BANK LIMITED 1.23.1 DEPOSIT DEPARTMENTActivity of account opening and deposit department are the followingsa) Opening new accounts.b) Maintain of deposits of the account holders.c) Processing burn stop payment instructions.d) To give fresh cheque books.e) To make amendments in the existing accounts.f) Closing the accounts of accounts holders (if required).Almost all the activities mentioned above are performed through computer. The computer maintains all records of each and every client. Vouchers have been prepared and send to the MIS department for daily transactions and making changes in customers accounts.1.23.2 CASH DEALING DEPARTMENTThe major functions of cash dealing departments area) Cash receipts.b) To cash cheques.All the regarding date, account number, tile of account , balance of account holder and the signature of customer have been support through computer.1.23.3 REMITTANCE DEPARTMENTThe major functions performed by remittance department area) Pay order.b) Demand like drafts on need.c) Post transport.d) Telegraphic transfer.Fax and telephone are the major source of performing such activities.1.23.4 IMPORT DEPARTMENTThree major functions performed by the import departmenta) L/C opening.b) Lodgement of papers and documents.c) Retirement of papers and documents.Import department is considered to be one of the most important departments of the bank. It handles the import licensing and imports of merchandise.Imports cease be separated into two categoriesa) Industrial Imports.b) Commercial and industrial Imports.Export Promotion Bureau makes registration of imports, Document required for sole proprietor partnership concern and limited concerns are different.1.23.5 EXPORT DEPARTMENTExport is a major source of earning foreign exchange. Every country wants to increase its exports because the foreign exchange earned through exports ordure help in meeting the other needs of the countries.The computer keeps the records of each and every dealing which has been made by the customer for import export purposes. The records concerning his past and present performance and balance of accounts helps to make further decisions whether to give him loan or not.1.23.6 PERSONNEL DEPARTMENTPersonal department uses computer for smooth carrying out of work. The main functions performed by Personnel Department of Habib Bank area) Selection and recruitment.b) Training and growth.c) Job explanation and estimation.d) Periodic reviewe) Communication1.23.7 MARKETING DEPARTMENTConsumer satisfaction is the first and for most priority for the bank. The selling management makes policies for the better services of satisfaction of consumer. The process includesa) Finding out consumer wants and needs through marketing research.b) Finding possibilities and t hen development of those wants and needs.c) Establishing meaningful relations with customers.d) Improving of product development for customers.It is also the function of the organization to keep in constant arrive at with the consumer, read their needs, genuine the product that can fulfil their needs and build the aim that express organizational purpose. Bankers also try to locate their past customers for offering more facilities to them. The computer provides every past and present updated account of each customer.Chapter No. 2 LITERATURE REVIEWLITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 A System for obtaining Management InformationTo get the better speedy management information, management may either use the services from a computer bureau, or they warehousing their own computerized system.(David Freestone).2.1 Establishment of Management Information SystemsTechnology is improving the speed and reliability with which information is passed not only around the individual organization but also around t he globe, and dramatic reductions in the cost of obtaining, processing and transmitting information are changing the way we do business. (Porter and Millar, 1991).Technology can assist those small firms that use these new technologies not only for data storage and transmission, but also to differentiate their products or to attack new market niches. The implementation should be handled by the team who willing be able to handle key tropical areas. (Nancy and Peter 2003).2.2 Role of Management Information Systemfundamentally a management information system is depending upon other independent systems which are working in a combination to provide proper management information and transformed information. By recognizing the data that what information managers required to manage the organization is a starting point for making a proper information system. (Tony Hines, 1995).2.3 suppuration OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM AT SOUTH BANK POLYTECHNICThe prospect of wholly independent status for South Bank Polytechnic in the late 1980s, responsible for its own finance, property and personnel, gave considerable motivation towards improving management structures and information systems. In the Peat Marwick McLintock analysis, the overall management information wants the Polytechnic recognized the interrelationship of five information sources staff, students (enrolment and applications), resources (finance), space and curriculum. The Management Information System under development reflects this with an additional component called Performance Indicators, which is generated within the system.(Perry P, Payne C, Geddes T (1991).2.4 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (MIS)According to Kenneth C. Laudon and Jane Price Laudon mentioned in their book Management Information Systems A contemporary Perspective, an information system is a set of procedures that collects (or retrieves), processes, stores, and disseminates information to support decision making and control. In most cases, information systems are formal, computer-based systems that play an integral role in organizations. Although information systems are computer based, it is important to parentage that any old computer or software program is not necessarily an information system. Electronic computers and interrelated software programs are the technical foundation, the tools and materials, of modern-day information systems, Laudon and Laudon wrote. Understanding information systems, though, requires one to understand the problems they are fleshed to solve, the architectural and design solutions, and the organizational processes that lead to these solutions.2.5 Systems DevelopmentThe development of effective information systems holds a number of challenges for small businesses. Despite, or perhaps because of, the quick development of computer technology, there is nothing easy or mechanical about expression workable information systems, Laudon and Laudon stated. Building, operating, and maintaining i nformation systems are challenging for a number of reasons. For example, some information cannot be captured and put into a system. Computers frequently cannot be programmed to take into account participant responses to marketing strategy or changes in economic conditions, among other things. Adding up, the worth of information erodes over time, and rapid changes in technology can make systems become outdated very quickly. In conclusion, many companies find systems development to be problematic because the services of skilled programmers are at a premium.The momentum to develop a new information system can grow up of end-user demands, the availability of new technology, or management strategy. A string of tools exists for analyzing a companys information requirements and designing systems to support them. The fundamental process of systems development involves defining the project, creating a model of the current system, deriving a model for the new system, measuring the costs and benefits of all alternatives, selecting the best option, designing the new system, complete the specific programming functions, installing and testing the new system, and completing a post-implementation audit.The organization must develop a technique for ensuring that the most important systems are attended to first, that unnecessary systems are not built, and that end users have a across-the-board and meaningful role in determining which new systems will be built and how, according to Laudon and Laudon. (Thomson Gale, 2002)2.6 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN PLANNINGA management information system for planning enables the corporation to have a central facility where large amounts of information can be gathered and stored. The information can be quickly retrieved and updated to help managers in making decisions. The management information system is capable of evaluating more alternatives than manual methods, can make superior and fast decisions and provides timely and accurat e information for decision making. Possibly if more companies are able to entirely put together the finance, marketing, production and gentleman resources functions into an in mergedd corporate simulation model, they will be better able to find out the effects that changes in internal or external phenomenon will have on their organization. (Sethi NK, 1978)2.7 DATA BASE ORGANIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN COMPLEX MANAGEMENTManagement information systems, like programming languages (e.g., ALGOL 60), which were originally regarded as quite universal, ceased to contact their creators at a certain stage of development. The disillusionment was due to the increase in accumulated knowledge, skills, and experience, to advances in hardware and software, and to the ever-expanding range and diversity of the relevant tasks.Although the basic requirements and the underlying design principles were universally concord upon since the early development of MIS, both theoreticians and practitioners were satisfied with partial realization of these requirements up to a point. At the present stage, however, no one can remain satisfied with the prevailing state of affairs, either organizationally or professionally.Just complex MIS incorporating all the fundamental properties of the relevant objects, with their applications and interactions can hope to be effective. The development of such MIS requires using the latest advances in science and technology and instituting crash programs for the solution of the complex problems that arise in the design process.2.8 ESTABLISHING A MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMInformation is a critical resource in the operation and management of organizations. Well-timed availability of appropriate information is essential for efficient performance of managerial functions such as planning, organizing, leading, and control. An information system in an organization is like the nervous system in the human body, it is the connection that links all the organiz ations components together and provides for better operation and survival in a competitive environment. Indeed, todays organizations run on information. (Babu AR, Singh YP, Sachdeva RK)2.9 Basic Concepts 2.9.1 Data versus InformationData refers to raw, unevaluated facts, s, symbols, objects, events, etc. Data possibly will be a collection of facts lying in storage, like a telephone directory or smack records.The information is data that have been set into a meaningful and helpful background and communicated to a receiver who make use of it to make decisions. The information involves colloquy and reception of intelligence and knowledge. This appraises and notifies surprises and stimulates, reduces ambiguity, reveals additional alternatives or helps eliminate irrelevant or poor ones, and influences individuals and stimulates them to action. An element of data may constitute information in a specific context for example, when we want to contact our friend, his or her telephone number is a piece of information otherwise, it is just one element of data in the telephone directory.The computers have made it easier to process functions. Huge quantities of data can be processed rapidly through computers assisting in the conversion of data to information. warm data go into the system and is changed into the output of the system. And this information supports managers in the decision- making.2.9.2 Characteristics of InformationThe characteristics of good information are relevance, timeliness, accurateness, cost-effectiveness, dependability, usability, exhaustiveness, and aggregation level. Information is related if it leads to superior decision-making. It may be relevant if it reaffirms a previous decision. If it not then it is not relevant.The timeliness represents money of information accessible to the users. The currency of data and information is time hole between the occurrences of an occasion in the field until its presentation to the user (decision maker).Accur ateness is considered by comparing data to genuine procedures. The value of correct data varies with the shape of decisions that need to make. Though, a general estimation of how much personnel time was dedicated to a particular activity may be all that needed.2.9.3 order of InformationInformation has a great impact on decision-making, and hence its value is closely tied to the decisions that result from its use. The information not has a complete common value. This value is linked to that use it, when it is used, and in what situation it is used. Information is like other commodities. For illustration, value of a glass of water is different for soulfulness who has lost his way in arctic glaciers than it is to a wanderer in the Sahara desert.The information supports decisions, decisions activate actions, and events affect the winment or performance of the company. If it measures the difference in performance, it can be traced the impact of information, provided that the measurem ents are carefully performed, the relationships among variables are well defined, and possible effects of irrelevant factors are isolated. The calculated difference in performance due to informational factors is called the realistic value or revealed value of information.For most information systems, mainly those supporting middle and top management, the consequential decisions often relate to events that are not severely defined and involve probabilities that cannot be quantified. The decision-making process often is difficult to understand and the outcome are scaled by several and unprecedented dimensions. In such cases, we may either attempt to perform a multi-attribute analysis or derive an overall subjective value. The subjective value reflects peoples all-encompassing impression of information and the amount they are willing to pay for specific information. (Ahituv N, Neumann S, Riley HN, 1994)2.9.4 Information as an Aid to Decision MakingThe process of decision making as co mprising four steps intelligence, design, choice, and review. The intelligence phase encompasses collection, classification, processing, and presentation of data relating to the organization and its environment. Simon (1977). This is essential to recognize situations calling for decision. Throughout this decision stage, the decision maker outlines substitute solutions, each of which involves a set of actions to be taken. Statistical and other models to forecast possible outcomes for each alternative now use the data collected during the intelligence stage. Every alternative can also be examined for technological, behavioral, and economic feasibility. In the choice stage, the decision maker should select one of the alternatives that will best donate to the goals of the organization. Previous choices can be subjected to review during the implementation and monitoring to enable the manager to learn from mistakes. Information plays a vital role in all four stages of the decision process . -I indicates the information requirement at each stage, along with the functions performed at each stage and the feedback loops between stages.2.10 Conceptual materialResearch QuestionTheoryQuestionnaire questionsWhich are the factors that are affecting the proper working of management information system within the company?(M-MIS, (1995),Risks Associated With MIS.Do you look at that employees are needed to be sufficiently trained for new systems and subsequent enhancements?Do you agree that the company is satisfied with the development of user manuals and testing of the system?How the management information system can help the managers to take accurate and efficient decisions?Simon (1977),Information as an Aid to Decision MakingDoes management has any constitution to monitor the new MIS?Has your management developed and maintained a current MIS policy or entrust?What is the role of management information system in the development and growth of the company?Tony Hines (1995), Ro le of Management Information System.Do you think MIS is an effective tool for the company?Does the internal planning process consider and incorporate the importance of MIS at both the strategic and tactical level?What are the recommendations to the company to get better use of management information system? Masood SH, Pires CG (2005) SH, Management information system for better team productivity.Does management encourage communication lines to link all MIS user effectively?Does management use a project management technique to monitor MIS development schedules?Does Company update MIS regularly?Chapter No. 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGYChapter No. 4 DATA ANALYSIS4.0 DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURE 4.1 DATA ANALYSIS1. Has your management developed and maintained a current MIS policy or fare?FrequencyPercentage (%)Yes4534.6No8565.4 tally one hundred thirty100Result shows that out of 130 respondent 45(34.6%) said that their management has developed and maintained a current MIS policy or utilisation wh ile 85(65.4%) said that their management has not developed and maintained a current MIS policy or practice.2. Does MIS policy or practice provide guidance to company employees to achieve their purposes?FrequencyPercentage (%)Yes7557.7No5542.3Total130100Out of 130 respondents majority 75(57.7%) said that MIS policy or practice provide guidance to company employees to achieve their purposes and 55(42.3%) said that MIS policy or practice does not provide guidance to company employees to achieve their purposes.3. Do you confide that MIS policy or practice provide enough guidance to achieve effective two-way communication between management and employees?FrequencyPercentage (%)Yes8061.5No5038.5Total13010080(61.5%) respondents said they believe that MIS policy or practice provide enough guidance to achieve effective two-way communication between management and employees while 50(38.5%) were not agreed with it.4. Do you believe after implementation of MIS System Companys staffs performs w ell in initiating, developing and completing their jobs?FrequencyPercentage (%)Yes7557.7No5542.3Total130100Result shows that out of 130 respondents 75(57.7%) said that they believe after implementation of MIS system companys staff performs well in initiating, developing and completing their jobs while 55(42.3%) said no.5. Do you think that MIS policy or practice provide enough guidelines for installing MIS enhancements in a controlled change environment?FrequencyPercentage (%)Yes9573.1No3526.9Total130100Result depicts that out of 130 respondents 95(73.1%) said that MIS policy or practice provide enough guidelines for installing MIS enhancements in a controlled change environment while 35(26.9%) respondents were not agreed with it.6. Do you agree that MIS policy or practice is helpful in acquiring, merging, manipulating and up-loading data to other systems?FrequencyPercentage (%)Yes8565.4No4534.6Total130100Above table shows that out of 130 respondents 85(65.4%) said that MIS policy o r practice is h

The End of Intel: the Beginning of the Computer :: Computer Computers Essays

The End of Intel the Beginning of the ComputerFor over thirty years, since the beginning of the computing age, the Gordon Moores equality for the number of bunk transistors doubling every eighteen months has been true (Leyden). However, this equation by its very nature cannot continue on infinitely. Although the size of the transistor has drastically decreased in the past fifty years, it cannot get too much smaller, therefore a computer cannot get much faster. The limits of transistor are fitting more and more apparent within the processor speed of Intel and AMD silicon chips (Moores Law). One reason that chip speeds now are slower than possible is because of the internal- quantify of the computer. The clock organizes all of the operation processing and the memory speeds so the information ends at the same time or the processor completes its task uniformly. The faster a chip can go (Mhz) requires that this clock tick ever and ever faster. With a 1.0 Ghz chip, the clock ticks a bil lion times a second (Ball). This becomes use energy and the internal clock limits the processor. These two problems in modern computing will lead to the eventual disproving of Moores Law. But are there any unused areas of chip contrive engineering beside the normal silicon chip. In fact, two such designs that could revolutionize the computer industry are multi-threading (Copeland) and asynchronous chip design (Old Tricks). The modern silicon processor cannot keep up with the demands that are placed on it today. With the limit of transistor size approaching as well the clock speed bottleneck increasing, these two new chip designs could completely scrap the old computer industry and recreate it completely new.The number of transistors for a Pentium 4 processor is about 42,000,000 transistors per chip, and that was beginning in the year 2000 (Moores Law). Should Moores Law continue, the number of transistors on a microprocessor would be approaching 1 billion. Skeptics inquire, Just how is this possible, presenting a sensible point. Transistors work by being on or off and consequentially creating a zero or one in mathematical lines of code when electrical energy is sent to them. There is a gap of electrical insulation that separates the source, the direction from which the charge is coming, and the drain, the direction the charge should empty into or not, depending if the transistor is on or off. If the transistor gets much smaller it will be made up of only a few molecules and atoms, far to small to effectively conduct electrical energy or light.