Criminal Defenses and Criminal Punishments Term Paper

Criminal Defenses and Criminal Punishments - Term Paper Example The Supreme Court in one-way support the police use of force, the court stated â€Å"the calculus of the reasonableness must embody allowance for the fact that police officers are often forced to make split-second judgments- in circumstances that are tense, uncertain, and rapidly involving- about the amount of force that is necessary for a particular situation.†(Supreme Court, n.d.). When officers are pursuing criminals are outnumbered, or suspects have more powerful weapons than they do, force is justified (Sharrar, 1992). Deadly force is used when the suspect threatens an officer or officers with deadly weapon, when the officer believes that the suspect might end up killing the officers in defense, force is also applied when the suspect has killed or caused deadly harm to another person. Non-lethal weapons and non-lethal skills may be used in this case. The case of Rodney King where the police used a Taser and multiple baton strikes on him was viewed as not excessive force though the public complained. Rodney king received 50 powerful blows and strikes after he resisted arrest. The only part that excessive force was misused was when the King had complied with the commands; assumed felony prone position but was kicked by the officer and struck with a baton six times by another officer (United States V. Koon, 1993). Use of deadly weapons on fleeing criminal was abolished in 1995. Shooting of Doyle in the back was the use of excessive force, the de facto excessive force. The Castle Doctrine and â€Å"stand-your-ground† criminal defenses are the favorable defenses for individuals charged with murder cases. Castle Doctrine is a communal law doctrine that state that a discrete person has no duty to flight when in his or her homegrown, or in his â€Å"castle,† and may use sensible strength, including lethal force, to defend his or her property, being, or other issues at hand. Outside of the â€Å"castle,† or home, however, an individual has a duty

The perception of women throughout paintings Essay

The perception of women throughout paintings - Essay Example The ideal was based on offering the same rights in terms of politics, welfare and with work.   Women were known at this time to hold a secondary status to men.   This was combined with the Victorian and Romantic ideologies, which held that social status depicted the outcome of individuals in society, both in terms of monetary resources, education and the connections one had to others in society.   Women during this time were known to work as a secondary component to men, often being redirected away from education and the ability to work.   The status of the women during this time began to be questioned, with the emergence of feminism making claims that women should have equal opportunities within society (Haan et al, 2006: 1). The concept of women as having a secondary status to men in society during the early 20th century also led to different symbols and ideals which were represented in the art.   Women, in general, were noted as a commodity to men, specifically which wer e designated to remain in the home and care for children.   The interests women had as well as the way in which their natures were represented continued with making them appear as a commodity or object in the private and public spheres.   The boundaries which were drawn were not only based on the concept of the feminist object, but also continued with the depiction of the appearance of women that was often misunderstood.   The concept of the other in women during this time.... The boundaries which were drawn were not only based on the concept of the feminist object, but also continued with the depiction of the appearance of women that was often misunderstood. The social stigma was followed by the representation of women in appearance, specifically which created boundaries with women as belonging to the ‘other.’ The social stigma and the interests of women created the belief that women belonged to an outside object of culture, making them as a specimen of artwork that could be used to create links to the other and to the object (Phillips, Steiner, 1999, pg. 3). The concept of the other in women during this time, as well as the conflict with the social status of women, led many artists to creating new approaches to the representation of women in the artworks. Perception and interpretation of the status of women as the other were the main concepts, specifically which were based on the challenges of the time. The changes which occurred were based on the idea of developing a sense of deformity of the women and showing them not only as aesthetic objects, but also ones which were represented as the other and which held a place in society which was second class and outside of the boundaries of others in society. This particular approach to deformity is one which also broke against the concepts of traditional artwork and was a part of the experimentation of the time. The physical appearance not being one of beauty, but instead representing a sense of distortion and an approach to the body as being a part of the other in society became the main ideology which was a part of the paintings during this time

Affection Of Different Identity Categories Essay

Affection Of Different Identity Categories - Essay Example The development of gender relies on the sex of an individual, and it exaggerates the difference between being either a girl or boy. It is influenced by societal beliefs and cultural practices. People are grouped to be either masculine or feminine in this category. Gender dictates what should be done and by who in the society. They are socialized to acquire traditions and values that that will make him or her to fit in the society. They grow holding the traditions of the community that surface later on in their adulthood. This socialization promotes gender disparity in the society. One grows entirely trying to meet the expectations the community has for them. The girl child is socialized to be like her mother. When young she gets associated with various responsibilities that make her learn the difference between her and boys. She starts imitating what her mother does like cooking, playing with dolls, and also cleaning. She grows knowing that women have the responsibility to prepare, t aking care of the kids, aged the sick, cleaning and mainly doing the domestic chores. One becomes an adult knowing that their place is at home and not in the public sphere. Gender determines the courses that we do in schools and also the jobs to do. Gender stereotypes male child. Boys are said to take part in courses such as mathematics and also medicine field while girls who viewed to be feminine are supposed to do social sciences. It further affects the level of employment for women since they cannot freely choose their career.  

Causes and effects of Homeless Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Causes and effects of Homeless - Research Paper Example The author states that poverty plays the biggest role in rendering people homeless. This is because poverty and homelessness inextricably link. Agreeably, poor people face substantially hard times when paying for their house rent, food, education, child care, and health care among other things (Andersen & Taylor, 2010). Note that, one must make difficult choices especially when limited resources have to cover a number of these necessities. In most cases, according to experts, many people tend to opt for other things instead of housing since housing absorbs much of most individuals’ earnings (Levinson, 2004). A research carried out in 2007by the US Bureau of the Census 2007 found out that 12.5 percent (37.3 million) of the US population lived in poverty. The Bureau asserted that the 2007 findings were not statistically different from those of 2006 in any way (Ravenhill, 2008). Further studies on this subject indicated that increased erosion of employment opportunities for the l arger segment of the American workforce and the declined availability and value of public assistance are the two major contributing factors accounting to increased poverty. Advocates for homeless maintain that violence in homes is a factor contributing to homelessness, particularly in women with children. Facts about the homeless point out that almost half of all homeless youths and adult women with children experienced domestic violence prior to fleeing their homes (Andersen & Taylor, 2010). Nationally, studies reveal that most people who are now homeless could not withstand the kind of physical abuse they experienced in their homes and as such, they opted to run away or rather disappear from their previous settlement (Levy, 2010). Research findings from 2007 showed that of the more than 7,000 people counted during the One Night Count, over 1000 complained indicated that domestic violence is a significant element that contributed to their state of homelessness.

H.I.V in the Homeless in San Francisco, CA Essay

H.I.V in the Homeless in San Francisco, CA - Essay Example San Francisco is located within California, USA and is one of the leading regions in HIV prevention amongst other services such as, care, and treatment from the initial stages of the epidemic within the United States. The region is recognized for provision of high quality HIV care that also involves administration of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Such healthcare services within San Francisco benefits all residents regardless of their financial abilities. San Francisco Department of Public Health (SFDPH) has considered health of the community as priority since such initiatives are crucial in reducing morbidity and mortality in those living with HIV-infections. However, methods of initiating and administering ART have changed over time. Originally, ART was recommendable only for those who were immune compromised (either a CD4 cell count under 200 cells) (Kushel et al., 2006). However, there has been increase towards CD4 count on which ART was recommendable. This was due to availability of information on the adverse effects of HIV even in the presence of moderate immunodeficiency. This was also because of record decline in ART-related toxicity and pill burden. In the year 2011, there was pronounced evidence of the effect of ART on reduced risk of sexual transmission of HIV. The publication of such information triggered debate over the risks involved in delaying therapy. However, in 2012, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) reviewed its policy and advised citizens on recommendations that ART.

IT - Bit Torrent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IT - Bit Torrent - Essay Example The partners of BitTorrent have been segregated into different categories which include venture capital, technology and device. The partners of the company in relation to venture capital include Accel, DCM and DAG Ventures. The technology related partners include Virgin Media, Opera Software and ESA Flash Components. The device associated partners of the company include D-Link, I-O Data and Buffalo. The aforementioned partners intend to work with BitTorrent with the intention of moving ahead in the business market competition (BitTorrent Inc., â€Å"Partners†). Thesis Statement The paper intends to make a detailed analysis about a particular technology i.e. BitTorrent DNA which is used by a peer-to-peer file sharing based company namely BitTorrent while transmitting large files through the medium of internet to its several viewers. The purpose of implementing the abovementioned technology along with its various implications will be taken into concern in the discussion. Discuss ion An Overview of BitTorrent DNA It has been apparent to the fact that there lies the necessity of developing as well as implementing efficient technologies in order to perform various technological related operations such as sharing, allocating and delivering huge files through internet. ... sourceful content delivery based technology which is acknowledged as BitTorrent DNA for the reason of considerably reducing particularly the bandwidth costs which are involved during distributing, sharing as well as delivering the large files. This particular technology contributes towards improving the working performance as well as the scalability of the websites on behalf of the company (BitTorrent Inc., â€Å"Company Overview†). Purpose of Introducing BitTorrent DNA The company constantly desires to share and deliver large files such as streaming video and music files among others to its several partners. In order to fulfill this desire, BitTorrent has introduced an innovative service based technology i.e. BitTorrent DNA which is also recognized as BitTorrent Delivery Network Accelerator that assists the company in sharing along with delivering large files to its large base of users. The technology successfully generates a virtual network of the computers of the viewers an d thus enables to speed up the download of popular files from the servers which can be easily shared amid the users. The crucial facet of this technology is that it performs the aforementioned act with more transparency. Moreover, the significant characteristic for which BitTorrent utilizes the technology is that it reduces the bandwidth costs by a considerable extent through which the company can earn maximum revenue along with making huge savings (AOL Inc. â€Å"BitTorrent DNA: Torrenting No Longer A Dirty Word†). The other major purpose of implementing the technology of BitTorrent DNA by the company is to gain superior customer satisfaction by enabling to make downloads of the large files at a higher speed. The downloadable options mainly include streaming videos, music files, downloading

Trends and Challenges in Training and Development Essay

Trends and Challenges in Training and Development - Essay Example Training them to become more transparent and accountable to their duties can be a good step in ensuring that businesses are run properly (Scott, 2014). Another current trend affecting training and development is globalization. Globalization will aim at shaping leadership programs (Scott, 2014). In the event of having a world which is able to inter-connect, various training and development practices are able to be shared from one good company to the rest hence making the existing leadership programs much better (Scott, 2014). Many businesses will adopt a global dimension in order to develop their leadership. The only challenge that will face the business if they adopt this trend will be losing ground in the competitive market place (Thacker, 2012). In training and development, the demand by workers for basic skills training is another trend currently emerging. In the event of companies trying to cut on budget after being hit by the recession in order to maximize on profits, programs aimed at impacting trainees’ basic skills will be introduced (Thacker, 2012). The basic skills program will be designed to ensure the trainees develop skills in critical thinking, communication skills, creativity and collaboration. The challenge with this trend will entail employing individuals capable of dedicating their time to impact the trainees with these basic skills (Thacker, 2012). In addition, another trend currently being adopted by companies will be offering training programs so as to build employee loyalty. In order for companies to retain some of their skilled employees, training them in various aspects can provide them a chance and the spirit of development once in the given organization (Tarique, 2014). An employee is more likely to remain in an organization which enhances his or her skills than one which does not offer. This training programs, will offer a chance to build closer relationships among worker and the