Ethical issues related to reproducation Essay

Assisted Reproduction Technology is a new found system to aid infertile couples to get children. It is excessively used in transgender couples and contagious concerns in the family. The examples of assisted reproduction technology include invitro-fertilization embryo transfer, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, gamete intrafalllopian transfer, zygote intrafallopian transfer and intrauterine insemination. It is a usage that has caused wide controversy from the honorable point of view. There argon many ethical issues surrounding artificial reproduction.Many religious organizations condemn the practice as it goes against the religious beliefs. Most religions mean that God is the sole creator of life and determiner of cornucopia of an individual. Therefore, the practice is viewed as one that is trying to supersede the power and belief in God. The grammatical constituent of surrogate parenting in assisted reproduction is also a exceedingly thorny issue in the society. The practice o f sperm egg donation is also very emotive. The main protagonist in this debate is the religious organizations and their beliefs and practices (Gillian, 2003). replacement parenting is an arrangement in which an infertile married couple contracts a fertile cleaning woman to undergo gestation on their behalf and surrender the child after birth. This is described as a non-nuclear family arrangement in that the family allows a third party into their family human relationship to p limit the role of a birth mother. Surrogate parenting raises various ethical questions. There are various forms of surrogate parenting. These include traditionalistic and gestational. In traditional surrogacy, the mother shares contractable education as the child since she acts as a sperm recipient.The gestational surrogacy involves insemination with fertile ovum of the infertile couple. Therefore, she does not share genic information as the child. The ethical dilemma that exists in surrogate parenting is whereby commercial surrogacy is viewed as exploitative to poor single women. The woman is viewed as a immaculate incubator while her money is siphoned by the surrogate agencies. The child is traumatized on discovering that the mother raising him/her is not her biological mother due to different genetic information.This leads to acrimony in the family. Some organizations claim that surrogacy leads to commoditization of babies as mere goods. This shows a lack of respect to the human being as a whole (Gillian, 2003). Surrogate parenting causes controversy in the traditional definition of a family unit. A family is viewed as made of mother, father and children who are genetically related. Surrogacy allows a third party into the traditional nuclear family. This distorts the meaning completely. This is especially so in traditional form of surrogate parenting.In this form, the surrogate mother is just not the gestational pallbearer of the child, but she also shares genetic information w ith the child. The family will be in a dilemma whether to inform the child of his gestation and parenting lest he/she finds out. Such information is likely to break the family unit (Markens, 2007). Commercial surrogate parenting has been viewed as exploitative. Young single and poor girls are chosen to act as surrogate mothers. The business office that contracts them does not care about their well-being but is participationed in profiteering from their services.These girls are paid 10000-150000 dollars for their services. Court cases know been filed where these mothers reject the money to take duress of the children. This is the exploitative nature of the practice (Markens, 2007). Doctors place ten-fold eggs into the womb of a woman in artificial reproduction. The medical signifi rotterce of this practice is to take the proportion and margin of error. Statistics shows that most of the eggs implanted into a woman do not get implanted and are ended by the mother. As such(prenom inal), the practice of inserting multiple eggs is to increase the likelihood of implantation or fertilization of the eggs.The other concern is the cost of artificial reproduction technology. The technology costs highly to the partners and the insurance companies. Multiple eggs are inserted by the health care professionals as a means of cost saving and cost reduction in fertility treatment. This addresses the cost that would be incurred if one egg failed. Multiple implantations bring with it the dilemma of multiple maternal quality complications and multiple birth costs. The dilemma with the practice is that a healthcare professional is legally mandated to abort some of the implanted fetuses upon informed consent from the parents.This practice is called multi fetal pregnancy reduction or selective miscarriage. The medical precept behind embryo reduction is the fact that there are many risks associated with carrying multiple pregnancies to the mother. There is the risk of in-uteri de ath of the fetus, premature delivery and retardent. Any pregnancy with more than three fetuses is an iatrogenic complication of artificial reproduction (Simo, 2002). Selective abortion is moral as it is done in the interest of the mother and the family. sensible consent has to be sought from the partner, and they must reserve the right to select the embryos that will be reduced.However, in a perfectly health mother, selective abortion is not advisable rather the doctor should practice watchful waiting on the patient. Selective abortion is done to reduce child impairment if he/she is born prematurely. The practice is a virtuously justified option for the parent. This is because the quality of life of the child born and the economical and psychological burden on the parents to corroboration a mentally retarded child. Despite religious, social and cultural perceptions on selective abortion, it is a perfectly moral practice done in the interest of the family.The sanctity of life must indeed be observed and respected so much as the quality of the babys life. The grounds that lay the foundation for the decision to selectively abort an embryo are based on the moral and financial ability of the family to take care of complication of multiple pregnancies especially premature babies (Simo, 2002). The society is obliged to bind families that have multiple babies born prematurely, with defects or mental retardation. These parents are under immense pressure to furnish for and raise these children.The society is obliged to support these families in whatever means possible. The immediate extensive family plays a huge role in supporting these parents morally and financially. Premature children need to be loved by everyone in the family and external community. Financial assistance is vital to cater for constant hospitalization of these children. Children with mental retardation and prematurity need constant visitations for medical checkup to ensure that they grow and matu re like other children. The community is obliged to offer financial support to these families.Through various community forums and organizations, the locals can take care of these children and accord them equal rights enjoyed as other healthy children. The community may also establish up special schools with special teachers to guide these children as they develop. The local government and the federal government are also obliged to support families with disabilities. The government can enact of laws and policies that offer incentives to these parents and those that govern the development of these children. The local government is also mandated to establish institutionsthat will take care of these children as they grow as they sound to children with special need (Gillian, 2003). Abortion is a highly controversial moral subject worldwide. There are proponents of abortion who claim the practice is done to protection the health of the mother and the dignity of girls who have been sex ually assaulted. Whereas, there are the opponents who argue that the vice is against the universal right to life and respect of life. There are various ethical issues with abortion. respectable issues arise due to the moral dilemma.The reasons for procuring an abortion include not being able to raise the child at the second gear or irresponsible parents. Such scenarios would warrant an abortion to avoid future suffering of the child. Some mothers claim that childbearing will interfere with their careers, or they have reached their limit of child bearing. The moral dilemma is the sanctity of life. Religious backgrounds claim that life begins after fertilization and terminating it at any stage is paramount to murder. With such personification, the fetus is entitled to the right of life as any other human being (Hinman, 2013).As such, they argue against abortion. However, medically, health professionals are obliged to abort so as to preserve the life of a mother if her pregnancy is c omplicated. Therefore, abortion is a highly controversial moral issue between the pro-life and the prochoice ? References Committee on Organ Procurement and Transplantation Policy, Institute of Medicine. (2001). Organ Procurement and Transplantation Assessing Current Policies and the Potential Impact of the DHHS Final Rule. New York field of study Academies Press. Gillian, T. (2003). Mixed blessings ethical issues in assisted conception.Journal of Reproductive and Social Medicine, 34-35. Hinman, L. (2013). Abortion an oveerview of the ethical issues. University of San Diego. Landlau, R. , Blythe, & Eric. (2004). Third Party Assisted Conception across Cultures Social, Legal, and Ethical Perspectives. London Jessica Kingsley Publications. Markens, S. (2007). Surrogate Motherhood and the Politics of Reproduction. Berkley University of Carlifornia Press. Simo, V. (2002). Parental Responsibility and the Morality of Selective Abortion. Journal of Reproductive Health, 463-484.